Ethanol Extracts of Ficus carica Fruit and Leaf Normalize High Serum Lipid Profile, TNF-α, and MDA due to High Fat Diet in Sprague Dawley Rat

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Ficus carica fruit and leaf contain polyphenolic compounds that can inhibit lipid peroxidation. Our research aimed to study the effect of ethanol extract of F. carica fruit (FcFrEx) and F. carica leaves ( FcLfEx ) on serum lipid (total cholesterol, LDLchol, HDLchol, Triglyceride (TG)), TNF-α, and MDA levels in rat fed a high-fat diet. This experiment was a randomized control group design with pre and post-test using 32 male Sprague Dawley rats. The animals were divided randomly into 4 groups: control diet ( C ), high-fat diet ( HF ), high-fat diet plus FcFrEx ( HF+FcFrEx ), and high-fat diet plus FcLfEx (HF + FcLfEx). The high-fat diet was given to HF, HF+FcFrEx, and HF+FcLfEx groups for 7 weeks and then FcFrEx and FcLfEx at 400mg/kg BW were given to HF+FcFrEx and FcLfEx groups respectively for 3 weeks. Data for each group at the end of 7 weeks feeding (pre-test) and the end of the experiment i.e 10 weeks (post-test) were analyzed using the paired t-test. Data among groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by LSD test. The results showed that FcFrEx and FcLfEx at 400mg/kg BW can reduce serum lipid, TNF-α, and MDA levels. In conclusion, both FcFrEx and FcLfEx can ameliorate dyslipidemia and oxidative stress due to a high-fat diet in Sprague Dawley rat.

UPLC-QToF Nanospray MS and NMR Analysis of Ficus sycomorus Stem Bark and Its Effects on Rabbit

“…It has been shown that the supplementation of a high-fat diet with F. sycomorus leaves depressed serum high density lipoprotein (HDL), L-histidinol LHL, cholesterol, and triglycerides in rats [44]. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides was detected in Sprague Dawley rats fed with a high-fat diet along with either Ficus carica fruit or leaf ethanolic extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW [49]. These extracts could ameliorate dyslipidemia due to supplementation with a high-fat diet.…”

Dietary Fresh and Boiled Mangkokan Leaves (Nothopanax Scutellarius) Normalized Body Weight, Serum Lipid Profile and Malondialdehyde in Metabolic Syndrome Rats

“…Triglycerides were determined using the GPO-PAP method (DiaSys) 13 Total Cholesterol (TC) Assay Whole blood was obtained after 12 hours of fasting from the venous plexus retro orbitalis of rats and then centrifugated to separate the serum. TC was determined by the CHOD-PAP method (DiaSys) 13 High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) Assay Serum (0.02 mL) was added to 0.5 mL of sediment solution, then the mixture was centrifuged for about 20 minutes at 4500 rpm. The supernatant (0.01 ml) was mixed with 1 mL cholesterol reagent.…”

“…HDL cholesterol was assayed using the CHOD-PAP (DiaSys) method by the same procedure as for TC. 13 Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) Assay LDL was determined directly using the CHOD-PAP method and precipitant LDL. Serum of 100 µL was mixed with 1000 µL precipitating reagent and incubated for 15 minat room temperature, then centrifuged for 20 min at 2500 g. Within one hour after centrifugation, 100 µL of the clear supernatant was transferred to the reaction solution for determination of cholesterol.…”

“…1,8 Consumption of vegetables with a high content of antioxidants are highly recommended in the management of MetS 9,10 as it can improve the oxidative status and MetS components such as lipid profile. [11][12][13][14] The consumption of green vegetables with their active components such as carotenoid and flavonoid can play roles in glucose metabolism and prevention of risk of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM). 15,16 Mangkokan leaf is an Indonesian term for Nothopanax scutellarius,and the Javanese people of Indonesia have a long history of consuming the leaves as part of their daily diets.…”

Effects of Cooking Method on the Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation of the Javanese Salad “Pecel” Vegetables and Its Peanut Sauce Dressing

“…Vegetables are well-known key components of the human diet and are beneficial because of the presence of diverse phytonutrients, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids, which have strong antioxidant properties [1][2][3]. These ameliorate, prevent, or reverse several undesirable effects of metabolic syndromes, such as dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress status, hyperglycaemia, and obesity [4][5][6][7]. Green leafy vegetables, the flowery part of vegetables, and/or the sprouts of some beans have been part of the daily diet in Southeast Asian countries.…”