ET
            <sub>B</sub>
            Receptor in Renal Medulla Is Enhanced by Local Sodium During Low Salt Intake

Vanni, Simone; Polidori, Gianluca; Cecioni, Ilaria; Serni, Sergio; Carini, Marco; Modesti, Pietro Amedeo

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000026809.68674.f9

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Currently, there are few studies examining the effects of dietary sodium on ETR expression, and the results appear to be somewhat inconsistent. Treating cell membrane from human renal medullary tissue in vitro with high sodium concentration increased the expression of ET B R but did not alter the ET A R expression (59). In DOCA saltsensitive hypertension, there is an increased ET B R binding in renal medulla (46).…”

Section: Dual Effects Of Et-1: Role Of Dietary Sodium Intakementioning

confidence: 87%

Differential effects of endothelin on activation of renal mechanosensory nerves: stimulatory in high-sodium diet and inhibitory in low-sodium diet

Kopp

Cicha²,

Smith³

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Activation of renal mechanosensory nerves is enhanced by high and suppressed by low sodium dietary intake. Afferent renal denervation results in salt-sensitive hypertension, suggesting that activation of the afferent renal nerves contributes to water and sodium balance. Another model of salt-sensitive hypertension is the endothelin B receptor (ETBR)-deficient rat. ET and its receptors are present in sensory nerves. Therefore, we examined whether ET receptor blockade altered the responsiveness of the renal sensory nerves. In anesthetized rats fed high-sodium diet, renal pelvic administration of the ETBR antagonist BQ-788 reduced the afferent renal nerve activity (ARNA) response to increasing renal pelvic pressure 7.5 mmHg from 26+/-3 to 9+/-3% and the PGE2-mediated renal pelvic release of substance P from 9+/-1 to 3+/-1 pg/min. Conversely, in rats fed low-sodium diet, renal pelvic administration of the ETAR antagonist BQ-123 enhanced the ARNA response to increased renal pelvic pressure from 9+/-2 to 23+/-6% and the PGE2-mediated renal pelvic release of substance P from 0+/-0 to 6+/-1 pg/min. Adding the ETAR antagonist to ETBR-blocked renal pelvises restored the responsiveness of renal sensory nerves in rats fed a high-sodium diet. Adding the ETBR antagonist to ETAR-blocked pelvises suppressed the responsiveness of the renal sensory nerves in rats fed a low-sodium diet. In conclusion, activation of ETBR and ETAR contributes to the enhanced and suppressed responsiveness of renal sensory nerves in conditions of high- and low-sodium dietary intake, respectively. Impaired renorenal reflexes may contribute to the salt-sensitive hypertension in the ETBR-deficient rat.

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Section: Dual Effects Of Et-1: Role Of Dietary Sodium Intakementioning

confidence: 87%

Differential effects of endothelin on activation of renal mechanosensory nerves: stimulatory in high-sodium diet and inhibitory in low-sodium diet

Kopp

Cicha²,

Smith³

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…S2024, BachemPeninsula, San Carlos, Calif), as described previously. 9,[15][16][17] The minimum detectable ET-1 amount was 0.1 pg.…”

Section: Et-1 Assaymentioning

confidence: 91%

Role of Endothelin-1 in Exposure to High Altitude

et al. 2006

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Background-The degree of pulmonary hypertension in healthy subjects exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude was found to be related to increased plasma endothelin (ET)-1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ET-1 antagonism on pulmonary hypertension, renal water, and sodium balance under acute and prolonged exposure to high-altitude-associated hypoxia. Methods and Results-In a double-blind fashion, healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive bosentan (62.5 mg for 1 day and 125 mg for the following 2 days; nϭ10) or placebo (nϭ10) at sea level and after rapid ascent to high altitude (4559 m). At sea level, bosentan did not induce any significant changes in hemodynamic or renal parameters. At altitude, bosentan induced a significant reduction of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (21Ϯ7 versus 31Ϯ7 mm Hg, PϽ0.03) and a mild increase in arterial oxygen saturation versus placebo after just 1 day of treatment. However, both urinary volume and free water clearance (H 2 OCl/glomerular filtration rate) were significantly reduced versus placebo after 2 days of ET-1 antagonism (1100Ϯ200 versus 1610Ϯ590 mL; Ϫ6.7Ϯ3.5 versus Ϫ1.8Ϯ4.8 mL/min, PϽ0.05 versus placebo for both). Sodium clearance and segmental tubular function were not significantly affected by bosentan administration. Conclusions-The present results indicate that the early beneficial effect of ET-1 antagonism on pulmonary blood pressure is followed by an impairment in volume adaptation. These findings must be considered for the prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness.

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“…This indicates that ET‐1/ET B in the renal medulla CD controls salt sensitivity and blood pressure. Conversely, another group has shown that a low‐sodium diet (1.2 g/day) increased prepro‐ET‐1 and ET B receptor expression in the kidney of patients who had undergone nephrectomy 44,45 . The reason why the renal ET system would be upregulated in patients who should have augmented sodium reabsorption due to the low‐sodium diet is unclear, but because functional activity was not assessed in those studies we do not know whether this indicates a defect in the ET system of these patients, a disparity between humans and rodents or simply that mRNA or binding measurements are a poor reflection of functional activity.…”

Section: Endothelin‐1 and Its Receptors In The Kidneymentioning

confidence: 96%

New concepts in endothelin control of sodium balance

Nakano

Pollock

2011

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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1. Endothelin (ET)-1, which was originally found to be secreted by the vascular endothelium, is highly expressed in the kidney, particularly in the renal medulla. 2. Recent studies using genetic models have provided significant breakthroughs in the role of ET-1 in the kidney. For example, ET-1 in the medullary collecting duct physiologically regulates water and salt reabsorption, thereby controlling blood pressure. Surprisingly, to explain the blood pressure regulation both ET(A) and ET(B) receptors are necessary in collecting duct. In fact, we recently revealed that ET(A) receptor stimulation in the renal medulla was natriuretic and diuretic. 3. The expression and secretion of ET-1 in the renal medulla are regulated by multiple mechanisms, such as changes in osmolality, exaggerated renin-angiotensin system activity and hypoxia. The changes in the renal medullary ET system are likely to work as compensatory 'protective' natriuretic factors in response to high sodium exposure in the kidney. 4. In the present review, we focus on recent publications that describe our current knowledge of the functional role of renal medullary ET-1, including the recently characterized actions of ET(A) receptors, the second messenger systems, mechanisms of stimulating ET-1 production and how the ET system is involved in the development of hypertension.

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ET _B Receptor in Renal Medulla Is Enhanced by Local Sodium During Low Salt Intake

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

Differential effects of endothelin on activation of renal mechanosensory nerves: stimulatory in high-sodium diet and inhibitory in low-sodium diet

Differential effects of endothelin on activation of renal mechanosensory nerves: stimulatory in high-sodium diet and inhibitory in low-sodium diet

Role of Endothelin-1 in Exposure to High Altitude

New concepts in endothelin control of sodium balance

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ET B Receptor in Renal Medulla Is Enhanced by Local Sodium During Low Salt Intake

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

Differential effects of endothelin on activation of renal mechanosensory nerves: stimulatory in high-sodium diet and inhibitory in low-sodium diet

Differential effects of endothelin on activation of renal mechanosensory nerves: stimulatory in high-sodium diet and inhibitory in low-sodium diet

Role of Endothelin-1 in Exposure to High Altitude

New concepts in endothelin control of sodium balance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

ET _B Receptor in Renal Medulla Is Enhanced by Local Sodium During Low Salt Intake