Estudo Etnobotânico em Comunidades Remanescentes de Quilombo em Rio de Contas – Chapada Diamantina - Bahia

Abstract

A etnobotânica é uma importante ferramenta para a identificação de espécies da Flora utilizada por comunidades tradicionais para fins medicinais, contribuindo também para a preservação da cultura popular. Esse estudo objetivou avaliar a relação entre o uso de plantas medicinais e a busca por saúde nas comunidades quilombolas da Barra e Bananal, Rio de Contas-BA. O levantamento etnobotânico foi realizado através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, aplicação de formulários e observação participante a fim de identificar o uso de plantas para fins medicinais. Os sinais e sintomas de doenças citadas para as quais eram utilizadas plantas foram organizados em categorias baseadas na Classificação Internacional de Doenças proposta pela OMS. Foram citadas 71 espécies vegetais sendo Mentha spicata, a mais citada (8,5%) e a família Lamiaceae a mais representativa. As comunidades utilizam principalmente as folhas (55,3%), na forma de chá (64%). A maioria das plantas (62,5%) é obtida nos quintais das casas e cerca de 24% são coletadas em diferentes áreas da região. O maior número de espécies foi indicado para aliviar sintomas em geral (31,5%) seguidos pelos problemas relacionados aos sistemas respiratórios (24,3%) e gastrointestinais (15,8%). As comunidades estudadas fazem intenso uso de plantas medicinais, possuindo amplo conhecimento acerca desses recursos.

Influence of Socioeconomic Factors on the Knowledge of Medicinal Plants: A Case Study in the Truká Indigenous Population, Pernambuco, Brazil

“…Among the total species surveyed in this study, the botanical families Fabaceae and Lamiaceae were represented in the greatest numbers. This result is in line with the results of other studies that have carried out surveys of medicinal plants (Alves & Povh, 2013;Araujo & Lemos, 2015;Baptistel et al, 2014;Ribeiro et al, 2014;Ribeiro et al, 2017;Silva et al, 2012;Zago & de Moura, 2018). The high frequency of these families is related to the cosmopolitan distribution and diversity of species as well as their therapeutic importance (Alves & Povh, 2013).…”

“…The sociodemographic characteristics of the sample were similar to other ethnobotanical studies, with a predominance of female informants, with less than half of the sample having completed high school, and with the presence of informants in a situation of social vulnerability (Alencar et al, 2014;Alves & Povh, 2013;Silva et al, 2012). Access to women in this community was more common because the majority were retired or farmers, and were more dedicated to domestic work and work in the yards near their homes than the men.…”

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“…The sociodemographic characteristics of the sample were similar to other ethnobotanical studies, with a predominance of female informants, with less than half of the sample having completed high school, and with the presence of informants in a situation of social vulnerability (Alencar et al, 2014;Alves & Povh, 2013;Silva et al, 2012). Access to women in this community was more common because the majority were retired or farmers, and were more dedicated to domestic work and work in the yards near their homes than the men.…”

Quilombola Ethnomedicine: The Role of Age, Gender, and Culture Change

“…Therapeutic indications also reflect environmental and historical-cultural aspects. For example, the location in a humid climatic region influences the high incidence of diseases of the respiratory system, and the absence of a sanitary system exacerbates the incidence of diseases of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary system, a feature that is recurrent in other quilombola communities as well (Gomes & Bandeira 2012;Silva et al 2012a). Other common therapeutic categories are generalized inflammation, skin and subcutaneous diseases, and general symptoms and signs, when illness does not have a single apparent cause or occurs because of activities carried out in the community, for example the manual extraction of piassava fiber in the forest or the cultivation of foodstuffs (Santana et al 2016).…”

“…Of these, 811 are located in the northeastern state of Bahia (Fundação Cultural Palmares 2020). Ethnobotanical research in these rural Afro-descendant communities has increased significantly in recent years, focusing mainly on medicinal plant surveys (Mota & Dias 2012;Silva et al 2012a;Ferreira et al 2014), some using participatory tools and local perception (Zank et al 2016), others using quantitative techniques to determine the influence of cultural or ecological features on the knowledge and use of traditional medicine (Gomes & Bandeira 2012;Silva et al 2012b;Santana et al 2016;Pereira & Coelho-Ferreira 2017), and still others exploring other non-medicinal categories (Ávila et al 2015(Ávila et al , Conde et al 2017Santos et al 2019).…”