Estudo epidemiológico do câncer de pênis no Estado do Pará, Brasil

Fonseca, Aluízio Gonçalves da; Pinto, José Augusto Silva de Araújo; Marques, Márcio Carmona; Drosdoski, Fábio Santos; Neto, Luis Otávio Ribeiro da Fonseca

doi:10.5123/s2176-62232010000200010

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…The higher prevalence of the disease was observed in the sixth and seventh decades of life, similar to other national studies (6,8) and the world (2,10,11). It was also observed a significant amount of PC cases in young adults, with less than 45 years old (13.6%), what was worrying, since mutilation was performed in fully sexual active men.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…These results are similar to a Brazilian epidemiological study of PC (6), in a study performed in the state of Pará (8) and in the Kenyan study (21). And different from the North American study (10), where 62.4% of patients were diagnosed in the initial and localized phases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The higher economic status of the capital attracts several people from other regions, in search for work and better living conditions with better medical care, allowing for more precise diagnosis and treatments. The same aspects are observed in studies performed in the metropolitan regions of Salvador, capital of Bahia state (7), and Belem, capital of Pará state (8).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…60.7% of patients waited more than 7 months to be diagnosed with PC, in accordance to the Kenyan study (21), where more than 80% of patients were diagnosed after 6 months of symptoms, and to the Belem study (8), where the patients waited for up to 11 months until diagnosis. This fact can be explained by ignorance, taboos, bad health care system, inappropriate treatments by uninformed physicians, delay to referral to urologists; these aspects are associated with late diagnosis and more advanced disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Tumor differentiation had the same characteristics of other papers (8,21), being well differentiated carcinoma the most common observed tumor (Figure-3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

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Epidemiological study of penile cancer in Pernambuco: experience of two reference centers

et al. 2014

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ARTICLE INFO ______________________________________________________________ ______________________Objectives: To investigate and analyze the epidemiological profile of penile cancer in the state of Pernambuco and compare this information with other studies related to the issue. Material and Methods:We conducted a retrospective, observational and descriptive study of all patients with penile cancer in two reference centers in Pernambuco -Brazil, from 2007 to 2012. The variables studied were: age, region from the state, socio--economic situation, previous postectomy, smoking, time from the beginning of injury to diagnosis, staging of the primary lesion, tumor differentiation, treatment performed and death due to cancer. Results:The total number of patients was 88. The highest prevalence was seen in those aged between 66 and 75 years. About the socio-economic situation, 67% worked informally and 64.8% received up to two minimum wages. Of all patients, 57% were married and 50% illiterate. The Metropolitan Region of Recife was the one with the highest number of cases, 41%. Tobacco smoking was reported in 48.9% of cases and prior postectomy in 3.4%. Most often it was observed an average period of six months from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis. And when the lesion was diagnosed, it usually had 2 to 5 cm (64.7%), stage T2 in 50% and well differentiated in 79.6%. Partial penectomy was performed in 76.1% and total in 17%. Death was observed in 27.3%. Conclusion:The clinical profile and epidemiological characteristics found in this study are similar to other national and international studies related to the issue, i.e., typical of underdeveloped or developing countries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Tumor differentiation had the same characteristics of other papers (8,21), being well differentiated carcinoma the most common observed tumor (Figure-3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

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Epidemiological study of penile cancer in Pernambuco: experience of two reference centers

et al. 2014

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Prognostic utility of SOX2, STAT3, and CD44high/CD24low expression in penile cancer

Barros

Torres²,

Araujo³

et al. 2022

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol

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Penile cancer has a high incidence in developing countries. The standard treatment is removal of the primary tumor and, when necessary, inguinal lymphadenectomy. Currently the most important prognostic factor is lymph node disease, however the available staging methods are inaccurate, and the high morbidity rate of lymphadenectomy has stimulated the study of predictive biomarkers of lymph node metastasis for selecting the patients who need lymphadenectomy. SOX2, STAT3 and CD44high/CD24low were chosen because they have provided good predictive results in other squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), although there are no studies for penile cancer. Thus, the expression of SOX2, STAT3, CD24+, and CD44 + in the penile cancer tumor microenvironment was investigated for correlation with tumor behavior in SCC. MethodsThis observational, prospective, translational study included 34 men and investigated the expression of SOX2, STAT3, CD24+, and CD44 + in tumor tissue by ow cytometry. ResultsThe median age of the 38 evaluated patients with penile cancer was 61 (37-80) years. Most patients presented a tumor located on the glans penis (82.3%), with the usual histological type (79.4%) and 61.7% of patients presented stage pT2. No metastasis was found in 85.3% of patients. The expression of SOX2, STAT3 and CD44 high /CD24 low in the microenvironment of penile SCC treated with lymphadenectomy was signi cantly associated with aggressive tumor behavior (p < 0.05). STAT3 expression shows discrepant points when evaluated in context of angiolymphatic vascular invasion. ConclusionSOX2, STAT3 and CD44 high /CD24 low in penile SCC can be indicators of prognosis, allowing for selection of more aggressive treatment when necessary.

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Profile of patients with penile cancer in the region with the highest worldwide incidence

Vieira

Feitoza

Pinho

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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To determine the epidemiological, histopathological, and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with penile cancer in the Brazilian state of Maranhão, the region with the highest incidence worldwide. One hundred and sixteen penile cancer patients were interviewed from July 2016 to October 2018. The majority of patients lived in a rural area (57%), worked in farming (58%), had a low level of schooling or no schooling (90%), and were married or in a stable relationship (74%). The mean age was 60.4 ± 16.51 years (range, 23-93 years). Phimosis (66%), poor/moderate genital hygiene (73%), history of sexually transmitted infections (55%), and zoophilia (60%) were found in the majority of patients. Most patients had their first sexual encounter at 16.2 ± 2.8 years (range, 10-25 years), and 75% had >6 sexual partners. The most common initial symptom was pruritus (37%), and most patients waited to seek treatment (average time to treatment, 18.9 months; range, 2-84 months). Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related histologies were observed in 62% of patients. Most patients had histological grades II or III (87%), stage ≥T2 disease (84%), and lymphadenopathy at admission (42%). Penectomy was performed in 96% of patients. The population with penile cancer in the region of highest incidence in the world is marked by low socioeconomic status, high prevalence of HPV infection, and phimosis. The delay in seeking treatment is related to a very high rate of advanced cancer and aggressive surgical treatment. The high prevalence of young patients was also a striking feature.Penile cancer is uncommon in developed countries, and its incidence varies according to the demographic region and the circumcision status 1,2 . In the US and Europe, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) for 100,000 inhabitants is between 0.1 and 1.0 3 . However, in less developed countries, including some countries in South America, Asia, and Africa, the incidence is alarmingly high 1 . In uncircumcised males, the cumulative lifetime risk for cancer of the penis is higher compared to the general population, corresponding to 1 in 600 men in the US 2 . Brazil has a high incidence, and the state of Maranhão, located in the northeastern region of the country, has the highest incidence of penile cancer in the world (ASR of 6.1 cases per 100,000 inhabitants) 4 .The etiology of penile carcinoma remains unknown, and its mechanisms of development have not been completely elucidated. Phimosis, balanitis, smegma, precarious genital hygiene, smoking, history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection (present in approximately 50% of cases) are the main risk factors, and circumcision is an important protective factor 5-8 . Its incidence is higher in regions History of STIs 55 (40/73) Sexual history Age of first sexual encounter [mean (range)] 16.2 years (10-25 years) Zoophilia 60 (43/72) No. female partners Less than 6 25 (19/75) Between 6 and 10 17 (13/75) More than 10 58 (43/75) Duration of symptom [mean (range)] 18.9 months ...

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Estudo epidemiológico do câncer de pênis no Estado do Pará, Brasil

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Epidemiological study of penile cancer in Pernambuco: experience of two reference centers

Epidemiological study of penile cancer in Pernambuco: experience of two reference centers

Prognostic utility of SOX2, STAT3, and CD44high/CD24low expression in penile cancer

Profile of patients with penile cancer in the region with the highest worldwide incidence

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