Estudo do ruído de rodagem estrutural através da análise dos caminhos de transferência de energia - TPA

Abstract

da Silva, C.T.H., Structure-borne road noise study using transfer path analysis, TPA.

Effect of solar radiation on Holstein heifers’ physiological variables and grazing behavior

“…From this index, it is possible to calculate the RTL, which is proportionally related to the mean radiant temperature, that is, the higher the MRT, the higher the RTL (Table 3). The radiant thermal load is strongly linked to the thermal exchanges by radiation between animal and environment; according to Silva (2008), in tropical environments, desirable RTL values should be the lowest possible, but the values obtained in this experiment were relatively high, indicating that the animals were exposed to a high incidence of radiation (Table 3), mainly because these values were measured in the sun, which represents the animal's solar radiation.…”

“…Surface temperature (T S ) was measured by capturing thermographic images using an infrared camera (Fluke ® , Ti110), with the animal always positioned on its right side, in order for its largest surface area to be recorded, so it was possible to measure the average surface temperature to represent the animal's whole body (Figure 1); in this way, the animal's trunk was delimited, except for the limbs and head (Silva, 2008). The images were analyzed using the software (Fluke ® , Smart View 4.3) at one-hour intervals, from 08:00 to 17:00, for a period of 10 hours.…”

“…When the sensible heat transfer mechanisms of homeothermic animals are not sufficient to maintain body temperature, their metabolic heat, together with the heat from the environment, becomes greater than the heat that is dissipated, leading to a thermal imbalance in the animal (Barnabé, Pandorfi, Almeida, Guiselini, & Jacob, 2015). In this way, the body reacts by increasing sweating and respiratory rate in order to eliminate excess heat (Morais et al, 2008), through evaporative heat transfer mechanisms (Silva, 2008;Maia, Silva, & Loureiro, 2005).…”