“…The steam in turn is directed to four turbines, which in parallel provide mechanical power to a generator, which in turn produces electrical power. [3] The values in Table 1 show the percentage values of excess production of biogas electricity obtained by the WWTP. Its investment cost is close to $ 14 million and its operating cost just over $ 2 million.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Its investment cost is close to $ 14 million and its operating cost just over $ 2 million. [3] In the city of Colombo-PR, significant data were collected of small and medium producers in rural areas, for biogas production and theoretical electrical potential, from fruit and vegetable residues. Fruit bagasse generating 520 and 93.6 both m³ / t of fresh mass (MF) and dry mass (MS) respectively.…”
Advances in energy demand in rural areas cannot be dissociated from agricultural modernization, large estates, mechanization of labor and reduced investment in small production. The use of biogas together with biomass are the most cost-effective ways for the small producer, as it has a high calorific value. In the case of biogas the procedure is performed by combining a compressor and a chiller, allowing the gas enter the reactor and burn together with the air stream. The use of these techniques is an auxiliary way to reduce the cost of the producer to produce a certain crop, besides allowing a participation in the final energy supply, so that the utilities have an alternative to distribute the surplus energy to another region, serving thus a wider range in the rural area.
“…The steam in turn is directed to four turbines, which in parallel provide mechanical power to a generator, which in turn produces electrical power. [3] The values in Table 1 show the percentage values of excess production of biogas electricity obtained by the WWTP. Its investment cost is close to $ 14 million and its operating cost just over $ 2 million.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Its investment cost is close to $ 14 million and its operating cost just over $ 2 million. [3] In the city of Colombo-PR, significant data were collected of small and medium producers in rural areas, for biogas production and theoretical electrical potential, from fruit and vegetable residues. Fruit bagasse generating 520 and 93.6 both m³ / t of fresh mass (MF) and dry mass (MS) respectively.…”
Advances in energy demand in rural areas cannot be dissociated from agricultural modernization, large estates, mechanization of labor and reduced investment in small production. The use of biogas together with biomass are the most cost-effective ways for the small producer, as it has a high calorific value. In the case of biogas the procedure is performed by combining a compressor and a chiller, allowing the gas enter the reactor and burn together with the air stream. The use of these techniques is an auxiliary way to reduce the cost of the producer to produce a certain crop, besides allowing a participation in the final energy supply, so that the utilities have an alternative to distribute the surplus energy to another region, serving thus a wider range in the rural area.
“…Segundo o Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento (SNIS), aproximadamente 43% de todo esgoto produzido no Brasil em 2015 foi tratado (SNIS, 2017). Grande parte desses resíduos são tratados em reatores de digestão anaeróbica de fluxo ascendente e manta de lodo, denominados de reatores de UASB (Gomes et al, 2017), sendo o lodo e o biogás os dois subprodutos principais gerados durante o processo (Amaral et al, 2019).…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…de CO2 em ETE através do aproveitamento de biogás para geração de energia. Porém, ressalta-se que o estudo do aproveitamento energético do biogás oriundo de ETEs deve ser considerado como uma alternativa a longo prazo e com maiores investimentos governamentais(Gomes et al, 2017).Com base nas avaliações realizadas observa-se que para a ETE 1 o período de retorno (payback) do investimento seria de 25 meses (Gráfico 4), já para a ETE 2, esse tempo está estimado em 221 meses (Gráfico 5) Campello et al (2021),. demonstraram em seus estudos que, a média de payback nos municípios onde o investimento foi viável foi de 4.49 anos para uma população entre 150 mil e 250 mil habitantes.…”
O tratamento e reutilização de efluentes tem ganhado destaque nas pesquisas científicas, visando a redução de impactos ambientais, soluções associadas à escassez de recursos hídricos e produção de energia (biogás) como alternativa aos combustíveis fósseis. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de produção de metano e geração de energia no tratamento de esgoto do município de Poços de Caldas (MG), comparando os indicadores econômicos do custo de implantação de uma usina de geração de energia nesses estabelecimentos. Foram selecionadas três Estações de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE), sendo que duas possuem reator UASB e uma é composta por um sistema compacto, onde as etapas anaeróbicas e aeróbicas ocorrem no mesmo reator. As amostras do afluente e do efluente foram caracterizadas nos laboratórios do DMAE (ETE 1) e Qualin Serviços LTDA (ETE 2 e 3). Os parâmetros avaliados, através do software probio 1.0, foram a produção de biogás e seu potencial energético, análise técnica-econômica dos custos de implantação de uma usina de geração de energia, custos de investimento e operação, análise energética e a viabilidade econômica. Conclui-se então que, apenas a ETE 1 apresenta viabilidade para instalação de usina de energia a partir do biogás gerado pelo tratamento de esgoto, considerando a sua capacidade de produção energética e o tempo de retorno de investimento.
“…Em muitos casos, as fábricas geram um excedente de energia que acaba sendo vendido, representando uma significativa fonte de lucros. A produção de energia a partir da digestão anaeróbia de lodos é uma opção, sobretudo para suprimento da demanda energética da estação de tratamento de efluentes (ETE), conforme experiências em estações de tratamento de efluentes municipais (Gomes et al, 2017). Além disso, a melhoria na gestão de resíduos e o aumento da oferta de energia sustentável visando diminuir a dependência dos combustíveis fósseis em território nacional são objetivos previstos na Lei Federal n. 13.576/2017-RenovaBio (Brasil, 2017.…”
Pulp and paper (P&P) mills are currently one of the largest industrial water consumers and effluent generators worldwide. The biological effluent treatment processes currently in use generate a large volume of sludge (waste activated sludge – WAS), which requires great efforts and high costs to manage. An interesting option for sludge management is anaerobic digestion, a means of reducing sludge volume while generating renewable energy that can be used in the industrial processes. However, anaerobic technology needs to be improved, mainly due to the 30- to 40-day retention time required to digest pulp mill sludge in conventional anaerobic bioreactors. The thesis was structured in 3 chapters written as scientific papers. Chapter 1 presented a literature review about the potential of anaerobic digestion for sludge treatment in P&P mills and the application of pretreatment methods to enhance methane production, decrease the retention time and, ultimately, decrease the volume of the digesters. A case study examining the potential of integrating pretreatment and anaerobic sludge digestion in a Brazilian kraft pulp mill is also presented. The literature review resulted in 52 matches in which 16 articles were related to anaerobic digestion or co-digestion of P&P sludge without pretreatment and 20 articles had to do with anaerobic digestion of P&P sludge after pretreatment. A large discrepancy among the presented results made it difficult to assess the suitability of anaerobic digestion and the actual impacts of the sludge pretreatment on the viability of the system. Simulations were carried out using current data from a Brazilian kraft pulp mill and indicated the important role of sludge pretreatment in potential methane production. Chapter 2 aimed the application of thermal, thermal-alkaline and mechanical pretreatment methods in order to promote the solubilization of organic matter to enhance the anaerobic digestion. Chemical analyses showed an improvement in organic matter solubilization, with an increase greater than 1.2-fold for total COD, 7-fold for soluble COD and 4-fold for BOD 5 . In general, thermal-alkaline pretreatment showed the best results for all the evaluated parameters, with the advantage of requiring lower temperature and retention time when compared to thermal conditions. Chapter 3 aimed to evaluate the potential of methane production from the WAS of a bleached kraft pulp mill applying biochemical methane potential (BMP). After 30 days of testing, cumulative methane production increased from 90 mL CH 4 /gVS (raw sludge) to 181-194 mL CH 4 /gVS with thermally pretreated samples, and up to 203-204 mL CH 4 /gVS with samples which were pretreated using the thermo-alkaline technique. The pretreatment conditions of 175 °C for 15 min at pH 11 were sufficient to achieve both a high solubilization of WAS and a high methane production. The results showed that pretreatment could significantly enhance the anaerobic digestion of kraft pulp mill WAS, making this an attractive new option for sludge management in this sector. Keywords: Anaerobic digestion. Methane yield. Pretreatment. Pulp and paper mill. Secondary sludge.
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