Abstract:Los estudios enfocados a la conectividad del paisaje son actualmente claves para la planificación de la conservación de los ecosistemas; sin embargo, sólo un número limitado de estudios proporcionan datos empíricos sobre los beneficios de la conectividad en la conservación de los ecosistemas terrestres. En este estudio, se analizaron las publicaciones sobre estudios de conectividad particularmente para cuatro tópicos en América Latina de 2000 a 2018, para brindar una visión del estado actual, retos y avances d… Show more
“…Habitat fragmentation has been extensively analysed; however, climate connectivity has been little studied in the Americas, and according to this review, there are no climate connectivity studies for carnivorans in Central and South America (Correa‐Ayram et al 2016, Leija & Mendoza 2021). Climate change is likely to have a negative effect on boreal carnivorans, since decreasing snowfall may affect movements and the exchange of individuals among populations (McKelvey et al 2011, Carroll et al 2012).…”
1. Habitat connectivity is essential to mitigate the effects of fragmentation by maintaining ecological processes, exchange of individuals, and gene flow among isolated populations. In the last two decades, the importance of habitat connectivity has been highlighted and the number of studies that address this issue has increased. 2. We review and describe the habitat-connectivity studies for the Carnivora in the Americas to identify taxonomic, geographic, and methodological biases, and we examine the number of publications on habitat connectivity and their relationship with country-level parameters. 3. We reviewed habitat-connectivity studies published between 2000 and 2020.We quantified studies by region, country, family, and species. We identified information gaps and analysed each country based on the proportion of land modified by humans, species richness, percentage of carnivoran species that are at risk of extinction, and the percentage of territory that is within Protected Areas. G-tests were performed to verify if the number of published connectivity studies differed based on these variables. 4. There is an increasing trend in the number of studies; however, this increasing is not proportional among countries, among families, or among carnivoran species. We identified that there is a regional bias, since more than 75% of the studies were carried out in North America, in addition, taxonomic bias indicates that the studies focused on large carnivorans. Regarding the methodological bias, the least-cost path was the most used approach. 5. There are fewer studies on habitat connectivity in countries with higher fragmentation rates, higher percentages of species that are at risk of extinction and less percentage of land in Protected Areas. The capability of countries to invest in research, the study focused on large charismatic species and the difficulty to obtaining dispersion data are factors that have influenced in the study of habitat connectivity.
“…Habitat fragmentation has been extensively analysed; however, climate connectivity has been little studied in the Americas, and according to this review, there are no climate connectivity studies for carnivorans in Central and South America (Correa‐Ayram et al 2016, Leija & Mendoza 2021). Climate change is likely to have a negative effect on boreal carnivorans, since decreasing snowfall may affect movements and the exchange of individuals among populations (McKelvey et al 2011, Carroll et al 2012).…”
1. Habitat connectivity is essential to mitigate the effects of fragmentation by maintaining ecological processes, exchange of individuals, and gene flow among isolated populations. In the last two decades, the importance of habitat connectivity has been highlighted and the number of studies that address this issue has increased. 2. We review and describe the habitat-connectivity studies for the Carnivora in the Americas to identify taxonomic, geographic, and methodological biases, and we examine the number of publications on habitat connectivity and their relationship with country-level parameters. 3. We reviewed habitat-connectivity studies published between 2000 and 2020.We quantified studies by region, country, family, and species. We identified information gaps and analysed each country based on the proportion of land modified by humans, species richness, percentage of carnivoran species that are at risk of extinction, and the percentage of territory that is within Protected Areas. G-tests were performed to verify if the number of published connectivity studies differed based on these variables. 4. There is an increasing trend in the number of studies; however, this increasing is not proportional among countries, among families, or among carnivoran species. We identified that there is a regional bias, since more than 75% of the studies were carried out in North America, in addition, taxonomic bias indicates that the studies focused on large carnivorans. Regarding the methodological bias, the least-cost path was the most used approach. 5. There are fewer studies on habitat connectivity in countries with higher fragmentation rates, higher percentages of species that are at risk of extinction and less percentage of land in Protected Areas. The capability of countries to invest in research, the study focused on large charismatic species and the difficulty to obtaining dispersion data are factors that have influenced in the study of habitat connectivity.
“…Este tipo de esfuerzos, permitirían mantener su biodiversidad y procesos ecológicos a largo plazo (Fahrig et al, 2017). Actualmente, se ha incrementado el número de estudios orientados en detener la deforestación y promover la restauración al aumentar la conectividad del paisaje en América Latina y a nivel global; sin embargo, los esfuerzos aún son incipientes, por lo que se requiere incrementar acciones que permitan mejorar la funcionalidad del BN y la biodiversidad de los ecosistemas terrestres (Correa-Ayram et al, 2017;Leija y Mendoza, 2021).…”
Section: Cuadro N°4unclassified
“…El análisis de las características estructurales y morfológicas que componen un territorio del SVTM ich y su cambio a lo largo del tiempo, permitió inferir los efectos a nivel estructural del BN (Saura & Pascual-Hortal, 2007;Linke et al, 2012), por lo que el enfoque proporciona un marco amplio para el estudio de la función ecológica de fragmentos de ecosistemas en ambientes que han sido afectados por procesos antrópicos. Los resultados son potencialmente útiles en los procesos de planificación de la restauración y del uso del suelo, así como en la implementación de corredores biológicos con la finalidad de asegurar la permanencia y funcionalidad de los ecosistemas (Correa-Ayram et al, 2016, 2017Saura et al, 2017Saura et al, , 2019Castillo et al, 2020;Leija & Mendoza, 2021).Trabajos como el realizado en el SVTM ich generan información robusta que apoya los esfuerzos para mantener la capacidad de los ecosistemas para proveer servicios ambientales a la sociedad. Simultáneamente garantizan el mantenimiento de un equilibrio ecológico y la calidad del hábitat a través de la conectividad estructural y funcional para el BN y el paisaje, contribuyendo sustancialmente a la planificación del territorio (Kool et al, 2013).…”
Section: Cuadro N°4unclassified
“…los estudios desarrollados sobre conectividad han demostrado su utilidad y relevancia en el diseño de corredores biológicos con fines de conservación de la biodiversidad(Correa-Ayram et al, 2017;Freeman et al, 2019). Lograr acciones orientadas a la conectividad del paisaje, como mecanismos de cooperación internacional a través de proyectos en diferentes escalas, promueven la comprensión de los procesos ecológicos de los hábitats, la conectividad estructural y funcional del paisaje(Taylor et al, 2006;González-Saucedo et al, 2021;Leija & Mendoza, 2021). En México, el BN es un ecosistema con características ambientales muy específicas para su desarrollo y constituye uno de los hábitats con mayor biodiversidad, representada por especies vegetales pertenecientes a climas tropicales y templados(Rzedowski, 1978; Challenger, 2003;…”
The constant pressure of anthropogenic activities has generated that the cloud forest fragments (BN) have an island pattern surrounded by a matrix of socioeconomic activities. The conservation of this ecosystem is key due to its high biological diversity that it represents in relation to its territorial extension in Mexico and globally. The objective of this work is to analyze the changes in the vegetation cover and the structural connectivity of the BN in the 1995-2018 period in the Transversal Volcanic System of the state of Michoacán from the visual interpretation of Orthophotos and Spot satellite images. Landscape metrics were applied to later carry out their comparative analysis. The results obtained show that the BN coverage lost an area of 9,038 ha in 23 years, with a global deforestation rate between 1995-2018 of -1.4%. Regarding the structural connectivity, the BN was observed an increase in the number of patches, increasing from 628 in 1995 to 762 in 2018, as well as the density of patches going from 2.1 to 3.6 ha for the same period. This reflects that the BN has fragmented considerably, in addition to rapidly losing its original surface. It is essential to generate data and information that contribute to the construction of strategies that increase the connectivity of the landscape in the BN fragments, guaranteeing the survival of wild species, through actions aimed at conserving biodiversity in the long term and reducing the fragmentation and isolation of ecosystems.
“…These types of investigations are important to study the influence of connectivity in the study on mammals to validate conservation and management strategies with scientific data. Despite the extensive use of camera traps, it is one of the least used methods to study the effects of connectivity on biodiversity in Latin America (Leija & Mendoza, 2021).…”
[Introducción]: Los refugios de vida silvestre son cruciales para mejorar la conectividad en el contexto de corredores biológicos, ya que conservan fragmentos de bosque y consecuentemente poblaciones de mamíferos neotropicales, sin embargo, para poder idear estrategias de conservación y manejo es prioritario realizar estudios de campo que validen estos esfuerzos y midan su efectividad en el tiempo. [Objetivo]: Generar información de línea base sobre el estado poblacional de mamíferos terrestres medianos y grandes y sus patrones de actividad, que contribuyan a realizar un adecuado manejo y protección de este grupo en el Refugio de Vida Silvestre Lapa Verde. [Metodología]: Se utilizó la metodología de foto-trampeo colocando 13 cámaras-trampa por bloque de muestreo, en dos bloques (1 855 ha) durante enero - febrero 2015 y entre diciembre 2015 - enero 2016. [Resultados]: El esfuerzo de muestreo fue de 1 584 noches, registrando18 especies con presencia de grandes y medianos depredadores como Panthera onca, Canis latrans, Leopardus pardalis y Leopardus wiedii, así como especies que sirven de presas como Silvilagus sp., Dasypus novemcinctus, Dasyprocta punctata y Cuniculus paca. La especie con mayor IAR fue D. punctata, la riqueza fue similar entre bloques, sin embargo, los patrones de actividad circadiana sí presentaron diferencias entre algunas especies (L. pardalis y D. punctata). [Conclusiones]: Especies como jaguares y tapires, que requieren grandes extensiones de tierra para asentarse, utilizan estos bloques de conservación, lo que indica la importancia de la conservación de estos bloques.
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