Estudio epidemiológico de la dermatitis alérgica de contacto en España (2001)

Isolated and concurrent prevalence of sensitization to transition metals in a Spanish population

“…Ni continues to be the major allergen, as shown by the patch test reactions of different studies 4–15 largely due to a high prevalence in young women sensitized by jewellery. Women with ear piercing were more likely to be Ni allergic than women without piercing, and the frequency of Ni allergy increased with the number of piercing, but these associations were not observed in men 6 …”

“…As in most previous studies, a positive reaction to Ni was significantly more prevalent among women. This high frequency of allergy to Ni previously reported by other Spanish authors 14,21 reflects the local customs of frequent use of blue jeans with metal buttons, zippers and growing popularity of ear piercing and the use of several items of jewellery. A recent Spanish study has reported an increase in the frequency of positive reactions to Ni during the last decades (from 18.8% in 1977 to 26.6% in 2001), 14 and at present, it is considered an important problem of public health.…”

“…Metals are the most common cause of ACD in many countries 3 . Ni, Cr and Co allergens are present in almost all standard patch test series worldwide, and these allergens are common causes of ACD; 4–15 nevertheless, Pd is not included in standard series. Positive patch test results to Ni, Co and Cr alone and in combinations with one another are well known and have been a source of much investigation 16–20 …”

Update on Allergic Contact Dermatitis Due to Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone and Methylisothiazolinone

“…For some authors, 18 this measure has been effective; for others, 11,17 however, it has not succeeded in sufficiently reducing rates of sensitization to MCI/MI, which have remained at 1.8-4.4% for the last 20 years. 6,11,12,18,19 Furthermore, during the last 4 years there has been an alarming increase in sensitization to MCI/MI (4-5%). 3,18 We confirmed this finding in our department, where the rate increased from 4.49% during the period October 2006-September 2008 6 to 10% in October 2011-September 2013 ( Table 2).…”

Increased Sensitization to Kathon CG (Methylchloroisothiazolinone plus methylisothiazolinone) in the South of Gran Canaria, Spain

“…Despite this regulation, the frequency of sensitization prior to 2008 was stable in Europe at levels between 1% and 4%, 2 and in Spain at figures between 3% and 4%. 3,4 However, since that date, the frequency of sensitization in Europe has doubled 1,5,6 and, in 2012, reached 8% in Spain. 7 Our data show that sensitization levels were already very high and that they have doubled in the past 3 years.…”