Abstract:for providing field support and assistance with sampling. We also thank Alex R. Fiore and Christopher L. Leach for assisting with the literature search. We are grateful for the timely and thorough reviews of this report by Ronald J. Baker, Kathy Lee, and Kara Ng. We also thank Nathan Wood for providing the inundated businesses dataset, and Dale L. Simmons, Ruth M. Larkins, and Denis K. Sun for their assistance with editing, illustrations, layout, and publishing.
“…Analytical results for these samples are given in Fischer et al, 2015. Two USGS methods were used to analyze compounds, and are referred to as 1) the wastewater method and 2) the hormone method.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The upper 2 cm of sediment was retained for analysis to standardize sample collection among sites in an attempt to obtain samples representative of sediment-quality conditions after Hurricane Sandy. Additional details of sediment sampling and handling are given in Supplemental Materials and in Fischer et al (2015).…”
Section: Sample Collection and Handlingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The study area was divided into 6 study regions on the basis of hydrologic divides and similar patterns of land use to evaluate differential impacts associated with Hurricane Sandy. The 6 regions are based on aggregation of 13 regions described by Fischer et al, 2015 (Table S02 gives the equivalent regions used in this paper and Fischer et al, 2015). Land use estimates for the regions are based on the 2011 National Land Cover database for New York and New Jersey obtained from the USDA NRCS Geospatial Data Gateway (http:// datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov/), and mosaicked to provide continuous coverage of the study area.…”
Section: Sample Network Land Use Analysis and Data Availabilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Land use was summarized to Level I Anderson classes. Additional details on sample network and land use analysis are provided by Fischer et al, 2015. The proportion of each region and inundated portion of the region in high-intensity developed land use is given in Fig. S02.…”
Section: Sample Network Land Use Analysis and Data Availabilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All the data used for the analysis in this paper are available in Fischer et al, 2015, where data tables are provided in a spreadsheet form.…”
Section: Sample Network Land Use Analysis and Data Availabilitymentioning
“…Analytical results for these samples are given in Fischer et al, 2015. Two USGS methods were used to analyze compounds, and are referred to as 1) the wastewater method and 2) the hormone method.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The upper 2 cm of sediment was retained for analysis to standardize sample collection among sites in an attempt to obtain samples representative of sediment-quality conditions after Hurricane Sandy. Additional details of sediment sampling and handling are given in Supplemental Materials and in Fischer et al (2015).…”
Section: Sample Collection and Handlingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The study area was divided into 6 study regions on the basis of hydrologic divides and similar patterns of land use to evaluate differential impacts associated with Hurricane Sandy. The 6 regions are based on aggregation of 13 regions described by Fischer et al, 2015 (Table S02 gives the equivalent regions used in this paper and Fischer et al, 2015). Land use estimates for the regions are based on the 2011 National Land Cover database for New York and New Jersey obtained from the USDA NRCS Geospatial Data Gateway (http:// datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov/), and mosaicked to provide continuous coverage of the study area.…”
Section: Sample Network Land Use Analysis and Data Availabilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Land use was summarized to Level I Anderson classes. Additional details on sample network and land use analysis are provided by Fischer et al, 2015. The proportion of each region and inundated portion of the region in high-intensity developed land use is given in Fig. S02.…”
Section: Sample Network Land Use Analysis and Data Availabilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All the data used for the analysis in this paper are available in Fischer et al, 2015, where data tables are provided in a spreadsheet form.…”
Section: Sample Network Land Use Analysis and Data Availabilitymentioning
Emerging infectious disease outbreaks are one of multiple stressors responsible for amphibian declines globally. In the northeastern United States, ranaviral diseases are prevalent in amphibians and other ectothermic species, but there is still uncertainty as to whether their presence is leading to population-level effects. Further, there is also uncertainty surrounding the potential interactions among disease infection prevalence in free-ranging animals and habitat degradation (co-occurrence of chemical stressors). The present study was designed to provide field-based estimates of the relationship between amphibian disease and chemical stressors. We visited 40 wetlands across three protected areas, estimated the prevalence of ranavirus among populations of larval wood frogs and spotted salamanders, and assessed chemical and biological stressors in wetland habitats and larval amphibians using a suite of selected bioassays, screening tools, and chemical analyses. Ranavirus was detected on larval amphibians from each protected area with an estimated occupancy ranging from 0.27 to 0.55. Considerable variation in ranavirus occupancy was also observed within and among each protected area. Of the stressors evaluated, ranavirus prevalence was strongly and positively related to concentrations of metalloestrogens (metals with the potential to bind to estrogen receptors) and total metals in wetland sediments and weakly and negatively related to total pesticide concentrations in larval amphibians. These results can be used by land managers to refine habitat assessments to include such environmental factors with the potential to influence disease susceptibility.
Sediment samples from the coastal lagoons and estuaries of New York and New Jersey were used to investigate the influence of contaminants on diatom assemblages. Multivariate analyses demonstrated correspondence between composition of diatom assemblages and concentrations of several metals and total PAH. The effects of the individual contaminants were difficult to disentangle because of the considerable correlations between their concentrations. The most conspicuous trend was the increase in the relative abundance of small centric planktonic diatoms in response to contamination and the corresponding decrease in the benthic flora. The high relative abundance of planktonic species on contaminated sediments apparently resulted not so much from their tolerance to pollution, but from the paucity of benthic species. A comparison of the assemblages on the surface and at the depth of approximately 8-10cm revealed a statistically significant temporal change in community composition towards planktonic diatoms.
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