Estrous Cycle Manipulation in Dogs

Kutzler, Michelle Anne

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.02.006

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In addition, combined with the onset time and clinical signs of the affected dogs, it can be inferred that the affected dogs have progresses to chronicity. Along with endometritis, there were 2 cases of abnormal estrous cycles, suggesting a possible that genetic, toxicological, and/ or environmental factors leading to hormonal dysregulation and the resulting diseases [24]. Most studies have found that abnormal regulation of reproductive hormones can promote the occurrence of mammary tumors, and the incidence of non-sterilized dams is 3 -7 times higher than that of sterilized dams.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological Classification of Canine Endometritis

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Endometritis is a common disease of the reproductive system in canine dams. The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized histopathological diagnostic classification criteria for canine endometritis. Forty bitches were ovariectomized, and their endometrial tissues were pathologically classified by imaging, anatomical and hematological diagnostic evaluation. Expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNAs in uterine tissues were also detected by RT-PCR.Results: Endometritis was grouped into one of four classifications: Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) (no inflammation), mild inflammatory infiltrate, severe inflammatory infiltrate (hyperplastic) and severe inflammatory infiltrate (atrophic). Direct comparison of the experimental results was complicated by the varying degree of disease severity in individual animals and the diagnostic criteria currently in use by researchers.Conclusions: It is concluded from this study that most of the dogs with clinical manifestations were characterized by endometrial hyperplasia with severe inflammatory infiltration, while the endometrial hyperplasia with mild inflammatory infiltration was not significant. In addition, endometrial cystic hyperplasia-like lesions were also found in asymptomatic bitches who underwent physiological sterilization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological Classification of Canine Endometritis

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…However, side effects such as allergic reactions (Carter, 1980) and luteinizing dysfunction have been reported (Barta et al., 1982; Jones et al., 1973; Nakao et al., 1985; Weilenmann et al., 1993). As mentioned, each method presents advantages and disadvantages, and no standard method for inducing oestrus in dogs has been established (Kutzler, 2018). However, the following report is a simple and efficient method for oestrous induction without observed side effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of oestrus by administering Inhibin antiserum along with equine chorionic gonadotropin in anoestrous bitches

Tsuchida

Sakurai

Komura

et al. 2021

Reprod Domestic Animals

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As dogs experience oestrus only once or twice a year, it is necessary to establish an effective method of oestrous induction for efficient breeding. In the present study, we evaluated inhibin antiserum (IAS) on oestrous induction in anoestrous females. Bitches were administered 0.5 ml/kg IAS or a mixture of 50 IU/kg equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and 0.5 ml/kg IAS and 500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administered 7 days after the mixture injection. As a control, bitches received 50 IU/kg eCG, with 500 IU hCG administered 7 days after eCG injection. Blood‐tinged vaginal discharge, vulvar swelling, plasma progesterone concentrations and ovarian follicular development were assessed from day 0 to day 14. IAS alone injection did not induce oestrus in bitches at the anoestrous stage. Conversely, vulvar swelling, blood‐tinged vaginal discharge and an estimated luteinizing hormone (LH) surge appeared on days 3–7, days 3–6 and days 7–9 after the IAS+eCG mixture injection, respectively, in all five bitches at the anoestrous stage. The average number of developing and ovulated follicles in bitches administered IAS+eCG was 8.8 and 9.6 respectively. A single eCG injection followed by hCG induced oestrous signs, with an average of 8.3 developing follicles and 4.5 ovulated follicles. This study revealed that IAS alone did not induce oestrus, but when IAS was used in combination with eCG, it induced oestrus and promoted a considerable number of ovulations in anoestrous dogs.

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Dynamics of ovarian structures after aplication of Suprelorin® (4.7 mg de-slorelin acetate) implant for estrus induction in bitches

Holumbiiovska

2023

Ukr. Jour. of Vet. and Agr. Sci.

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The sexual cycle and ovulation in bitches occur much less often than in other domestic animals, as they are monoestrous. In addition, dogs have spontaneous ovulation and, consequently, a spontaneous luteal phase. This physiology of the sexual cycle in bitches leads to specific difficulties with reproduction. Owners often cannot connect a bitch with a dog in time and, accordingly, get offspring due to the absence of heat or prolonged anestrus. Therefore, the stimulation of the sexual cycle in bitches is gaining more and more interest among animal owners. Understanding the physiology of the sexual cycle and its stages makes it possible to manipulate it safely and without negative consequences for the bitch's body. We recommend using the Suprelorin implant in late anestrus to induce estrus and obtain ovulation in bitches. Implant Suprelorin®, primarily registered for the pharmacological sterilization of dogs and cats, causes estrus at the beginning of its action. This mechanism of action of Deslorelin implants is known as the flare effect due to its stimulating effect on the secretion of gonadotropin (GnRH), which triggers the synthesis of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones from the pituitary gland. Our results showed that the use of the Suprelorin® implant (4.7 mg Deslorelin) is safe for the induction of oestrus in bitches and does not cause side effects. The proposed induction scheme makes it possible to achieve the highest level of initiation of the sexual cycle (hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads), which is as close as possible to the natural sexual cycle regarding the mechanism of action and is safe for the bitch's body. Ultrasound diagnostics occupy an essential place in studying animals with gynecological problems. There are not many studies in bitches that would show the dynamics of ovarian follicles after using the Deslorelin implant. In our studies, ultrasonographic examination of ovarian structures revealed a faster appearance of follicles in the group of bitches treated with the Deslorelin implant (4.7 mg) compared to the control group; at the same time, their size was significantly more extensive, and the ovulated faster. The appearance of anechoic structures on the ovaries with a size of more than 3 mm (mean 3.2 ± 0.1) was detected already on the third day after the introduction of the implant in 3/6 bitches in the experimental group, while in the control group, only on the fifth day (4/6) and on the seventh (2/6) day. Follicle sizes differed statistically between groups from the 9th to the 12th day. In the experimental group, the appearance of follicles was noted earlier than in the control group (starting from the third day); they were significantly more extensive and ovulated on the 14th day, while in the control group, only on the 16th day.

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Estrous Cycle Manipulation in Dogs

Cited by 3 publications

References 63 publications

Histopathological Classification of Canine Endometritis

Histopathological Classification of Canine Endometritis

Induction of oestrus by administering Inhibin antiserum along with equine chorionic gonadotropin in anoestrous bitches

Dynamics of ovarian structures after aplication of Suprelorin® (4.7 mg de-slorelin acetate) implant for estrus induction in bitches

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