Estrogens in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Cox, R. Lee; Crawford, E. David

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)66670-9

Cited by 170 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…To date, no study of secondary hormonal treatment has shown a benefit in terms of survival, but most trials have been smaller and heavily confounded by future treatments used. In patients treated with monotherapy using luteinizing-hormone releasing-hormone agonist or in those who have had an orchiectomy, total androgen blockade with testosterone antagonists such as bicalutamide can offer psa responses in 30%-35% of patients 5,6 .…”

Section: Secondary Hormonal Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Management of Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer

2010

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Prostate cancer (pca) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in North America. Castrate-resistant pca presents a spectrum of disease ranging from rising psa levels in the absence of metastases or symptoms and despite androgen-deprivation therapy, to metastases and significant debilitation from cancer symptoms. Castrate-resistant pca is usually suspected in patients with new symptoms on androgen deprivation therapy, with a rising psa, or with new evidence of disease on bone scans or computed tomography scans. Institution of treatment and the choice of systemic or local therapy depend on a number of factors. This review discusses the various currently available treatments for patients with castrate-resistant pca, from secondary hormonal manipulations to options for postdocetaxel systemic therapy. KEY WORDSCastrate-resistant prostate cancer, systemic treatment

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Section: Secondary Hormonal Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Management of Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer

2010

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“…Several classes of drugs induce castrate levels of testosterone through suppression of LH release from the pituitary gland, including diethylstilbestrol (DES) 14 luteinizinghormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists include goserelin, leuprolide and buserelin. 15,16 The¯are reaction can be prevented by cyproterone acetate or DES 1 week prior to the LHRH analog, or blocked by nonsteroidal anti-androgens like¯utamide or bicalutamide.…”

Section: Reversible Androgen Suppression Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy prior to radical prostatectomy: promises and pitfalls

Gleave

Bianca

Goldenberg

2000

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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“…Estrogen therapy or orchidectomy have been the standard treatments for advanced prostate cancer in the last four decades (Cox & Crawford 1995). However, the exact mechanism of estrogen action in the prostate is not yet completely understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the normal, hyperplastic and carcinomatous human prostate

Royuela¹,

Miguel²,

Fr³

et al. 2001

Journal of Endocrinology

142

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Two different estrogen receptors (ER-and ER-) have been described, which are differentially involved in regulating the normal function of reproductive tissues. ERwas considered for a long time to be the only estrogen receptor, and it has been detected in the stromal cells of the human prostate but not in the epithelium. To obtain new information about the differential effects of both receptor types, we have investigated their localization in normal prostates, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostatic cancer (PC) by immunohistochemistry, ELISA and Western blot. Epithelial immunostaining was absent in normal prostates and was present in BPH (10% of cells) and PC (80% of cells), whereas about 15% of stromal cells were positively immunostained for ER-in the three types of prostatic specimens studied. Epithelial immunostaining for ER-was detected in normal prostates (13% of cells), BPH (30% of cells) and PC (79% of cells), whereas stromal immunostaining for ER-was absent in normal and hyperplastic prostates and was present in PC (12% of cells). The complementary presence of both receptor types in the normal prostate (ER-in the epithelium and ER-in the stroma) might explain the mechanism of estrogen action in the development of BPH. The increased epithelial immunostaining for both ERand ER-in BPH and PC suggests that the involvement of estrogen receptors in hyperplasia and cancer concerns mainly the epithelium.

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Estrogens in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Cited by 170 publications

References 71 publications

Current Management of Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Current Management of Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy prior to radical prostatectomy: promises and pitfalls

Estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the normal, hyperplastic and carcinomatous human prostate

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