Estrogens in postmenopausal women: recent insights

Constantine, Ginger D.; Pickar, James H.

doi:10.1016/j.coph.2003.07.003

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…A related Million Women Study in the UK came to a similar conclusion: estrogen/progesterone combinations are associated with a substantially greater risk of both incident and fatal breast cancer [2]. The estrogen-alone arm of the WHI study was Despite these clinical findings, the medical need and market size continue to encourage the pharmaceutical industry to develop estrogen preparations with a better safety profile [4]. However, a matter of concern is the risk for clinical failures due to low efficacy or unexpected side-effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Non-Steroidal Subtype Selective Estrogens

Veeneman¹

2005

CMC

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The biological effects of estrogens are thought to be mediated by two receptors referred to as ERalpha and ERbeta. In recent years significant efforts have been devoted to the design of subtype selective ligands. These ligands are valuable tools to establish the precise biological role of each of the subtypes and to develop new generations of therapeutics. The first part of this review briefly summarizes the biology behind the estrogen receptors. The second part addresses the structure-activity relationship of the subtype selective ER ligands that were reported up to now. In the third part, the current insights in the therapeutic prospects of the subtype selective estrogens will be discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Non-Steroidal Subtype Selective Estrogens

Veeneman¹

2005

CMC

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“…Estrogen therapy (ET) has been used for more than six decades for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and the prevention of bone loss [7][8][9] . In postmenopausal women with a uterus, estrogens are typically combined with progestins (hormone therapy, HT) to minimize endometrial stimulation associated with unopposed ET 10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens on quality of life in postmenopausal women with symptoms of vulvar/vaginal atrophy

Bachmann

Bobula²,

Mirkin³

2009

Climacteric

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“…Menopause typically occurs in the late 40s to early 50s, along with increased life expectancy women spend a significant part of their life after menopause, potentially with these health issues. Estrogen replacement therapy has been demonstrated to effectively reduce and/or prevent these health issues in postmenopausal women (Constantine and Pickar ; Rozenberg and others ). However, exogenous estrogen administration is also known to be associated with increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia and breast cancer (Pickar and others ; Munsell and others ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Postmenopausal Women's Health

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Park

2015

Journal of Food Science

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Declined estrogen levels in women after menopause can cause a number of significant health issues, and various estrogen receptor ligands have been clinically evaluated for postmenopausal treatment. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to display protective effects against menopausal symptoms such as bone loss and metabolic dysfunctions in both animals and humans. In particular, it inhibits the proliferations of breast and endometrial cancer cells through estrogen receptor α-mediated mechanism(s). These findings suggest that CLA may provide beneficial effects on menopausal symptoms, while protecting the endometrium and breast from estrogen stimulation. Thus, understanding the effects of CLA on menopausal disorders and ER metabolism is important in development of novel therapeutic options for use in postmenopausal women with or without conventional estrogen therapy. In this report, we review literature regarding the impact of CLA on menopausal symptoms in cell lines, rodents, and humans, along with potential mechanism(s). We also discuss safety consideration for CLA use in humans.

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Estrogens in postmenopausal women: recent insights

Cited by 26 publications

References 75 publications

Non-Steroidal Subtype Selective Estrogens

Non-Steroidal Subtype Selective Estrogens

Effects of bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens on quality of life in postmenopausal women with symptoms of vulvar/vaginal atrophy

Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Postmenopausal Women's Health

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