Estrogens in males: what have we learned in the last 10 years?

Rochira, Vincenzo; Granata, Antonio R. M.; Madeo, Bruno; Zirilli, Lucia; Rossi, Giuseppina; Carani, Cesare

doi:10.1111/j.1745-7262.2005.00018.x

Cited by 99 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 199 publications

(335 reference statements)

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“…The role of estrogens (ES) in regulation of male reproductive functions and testicular development is widely accepted [95]; however the molecular mechanism of their physiological role in spermatogenesis is not clearly defined. The ES signaling is known to be mediated by at least two functional isoforms of estrogen receptors (ER) known as ERα and ERβ that are encoded by two different genes on the long arm of chromosomes six (6q25) and 14 (14q23-24), respectively [22].…”

Section: The Estrogen Receptors (Esr) Genes Mutationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-faceted approach to understanding male infertility: gene mutations, molecular defects and assisted reproductive techniques (ART)

Tahmasbpour

Balasubramanian

Agarwal

2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

107

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Background The assisted reproductive techniques aimed to assist infertile couples have their own offspring carry significant risks of passing on molecular defects to next generations. Results Novel breakthroughs in gene and protein interactions have been achieved in the field of male infertility using genome-wide proteomics and transcriptomics technologies. Conclusion Male Infertility is a complex and multifactorial disorder.Significance This review provides a comprehensive, up-todate evaluation of the multifactorial factors involved in male infertility. These factors need to be first assessed and understood before we can successfully treat male infertility.

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Section: The Estrogen Receptors (Esr) Genes Mutationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-faceted approach to understanding male infertility: gene mutations, molecular defects and assisted reproductive techniques (ART)

Tahmasbpour

Balasubramanian

Agarwal

2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

107

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“…28,29 Indeed, previous studies have suggested a role for aromatase in sperm motility. Men with an aromatase deficiency 30 and aromatase knockout mice 31 have been reported to have decreased sperm motility, whereas aromatase activity has been found to be 50% greater in motile compared to immotile spermatozoa. 32 In addition, the amount of P450 aromatase transcripts was found to be 30% lower in immotile versus motile spermatozoa of healthy men, 33 and a twofold decrease in aromatase transcripts was observed in spermatozoa from a group of infertile men.…”

Section: 27mentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of aromatase (CYP19) gene variants with sperm concentration and motility

Lazaros¹,

Xita²,

Kaponis³

et al. 2011

Asian J Androl

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The irreversible transformation of androgens into oestrogens is catalysed by cytochrome P450 aromatase. In the present study, we explored the contribution of the (TTTA) n polymorphism in the aromatase gene (CYP19) to sperm concentration and motility. Ninety normozoospermic and 60 oligospermic men were examined during infertility examinations. DNA was extracted from spermatozoa, and the CYP19 (TTTA) n polymorphism was genotyped by PCR. Genotype analysis revealed six CYP19 (TTTA) n alleles with 7-12 repeats. The allelic distribution of the CYP19 (TTTA) n polymorphism differed between normozoospermic and oligospermic men (P,0.01). Oligospermic men less frequently had long CYP19 alleles than did normozoospermic men (25 and 37.8%, respectively; P,0.02). The higher frequency of short CYP19 alleles in oligospermic men compared to normozoospermic men (43.3 and 28.3%, respectively; P,0.01) was primarily due to the distribution of the CYP19 (TTTA) 7 allele. The CYP19 (TTTA) 7 allele was associated with lower sperm concentration in normozoospermic men (P,0.01) and in the total study population (P,0.01); it was also associated with lower sperm motility in normozoospermic men (P,0.05) and in the total study population (P,0.01). In conclusion, the CYP19 (TTTA) 7 allele probably impairs aromatase activity, which in turn alters aromatase and oestrogen levels in the testis, leading to decreased sperm concentration and motility. These findings support the significance of cytochrome P450 aromatase in human spermatogenesis and consequently in semen quality.

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“…Oestrogen has been reported to have a significantly negative effect on sexual behaviour and ultimately results in decreased intracavernosal pressure and nitric oxide-mediated cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation. 16,17 In addition, the action of E 2 through a non-genomic mechanism has been reported in which E 2 can modulate the cell surface and influence ionic channels as a part of the tissue response. 18 Although the elevated E 2 levels in ageing males may act as a risk factor for ED, 9 the causeeffect relationship is still unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cronbach's alpha coefficient has also indicated a high internal consistency. 12,13 Scoring the IIEF domain of erectile function allowed the classification of each patient as having no (26)(27)(28)(29)(30), mild (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), moderate (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) or severe (0-10) ED. At the same visits during which they were assessed for ED, all patients were also interviewed to gather their sociodemographic characteristics and relevant medical history.…”

Section: Ed Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the association between elevated oestradiol and low testosterone levels on erectile dysfunction severity

El‐Sakka¹

2013

Asian J Androl

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Our aim was to assess the impact of the association between elevated oestradiol (E 2 ) and low testosterone (T) levels on erectile dysfunction (ED) severity. A total of 614 male patients with ED and a normal or low T level in association with normal or elevated E 2 levels were enrolled. Patients underwent routine laboratory investigations in addition to measurements of total T, total E 2 , follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin. We compared the responses to the erectile function domain, Q3 (achieving erection) and Q4 (maintaining erection) of the International Index for Erectile Function (IIEF) score in patients with the following: normal T and E 2 levels; low T level; low T level and elevated E 2 level; and elevated E 2 level. Of the patients included, 449 (73.1%) had normal T and E 2 levels, 110 (17.9%) had a low T level, 36 (5.9%) had a low T level and an elevated E 2 level, and 19 (3.1%) had an elevated E 2 level. Increased ED severity was significantly associated with low T levels, elevated E 2 levels, and both a low T level and an elevated E 2 level. Additionally, the mean values of the EF-domain, Q3 and Q4 were significantly lower in patients with both a low T level and an elevated E 2 level compared to patients with any condition alone.In conclusion, a low T level had the primary effect on erectile function; however, a concomitantly elevated E 2 level had an additive impairment effect. Keywords: erectile dysfunction (ED); hypogonadism; testosterone; oestradiol INTRODUCTION A diminution in testicular function with a consequence of testosterone (T) depletion is a common occurrence in older men. 1,2 The multi-factorial mechanisms of this phenomenon, which involve the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, have been reported. 3 Several studies have demonstrated that T has substantial effects on cavernosal tissues and that T deficiency impairs the anatomic and physiological substrates of erectile capacity that could be partly reversed upon androgen replacement. 4,5 Oestradiol (E 2 ) possesses an opposing functional role of T; therefore, a decline in the T level will affect its physiological balance with E 2 in men. 6 As a consequence, a high E 2 level, which has a strong gonadotropin suppressive effect, may lead to secondary hypogonadism in the ageing male. 7 Despite the concomitant elevation of E 2 in hypogonadal men, the information available on the physiological role of E 2 in erectile function is insufficient to correlate the aetiology of erectile dysfunction (ED) to a high E 2 level. 8 The likelihood of E 2 affecting the T balance and the independent effect of E 2 on erectile function have not been well evaluated. 9 Furthermore, although the association between ED severity and the prospective decrease in testosterone has been investigated, 10 the impact of an elevated E 2 level on ED severity has not been well addressed. The current study was designed to assess the impact of an association between an elevated E 2 level and a low T level on ED severity.

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Estrogens in males: what have we learned in the last 10 years?

Abstract: This review focuses on the role of estrogen in men, mainly in male reproduction. The continuing increase in data obtained, and recent discoveries in this area will enable a better understanding of male physiology; these, in turn, will have important clinical implications.

Cited by 99 publications

References 199 publications

A multi-faceted approach to understanding male infertility: gene mutations, molecular defects and assisted reproductive techniques (ART)

A multi-faceted approach to understanding male infertility: gene mutations, molecular defects and assisted reproductive techniques (ART)

The association of aromatase (CYP19) gene variants with sperm concentration and motility

Impact of the association between elevated oestradiol and low testosterone levels on erectile dysfunction severity

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