Estrogens and Endometrial Cancer in a Retirement Community

Abstract

All cases of endometrial cancer occurring among the residents of an affluent retirement community were compared with controls chosen from a roster of all women in the same community. Evidence of estrogen and other drug use and of selected medical conditions was obtained from three sources: medical records of the principal care facility, interviews, and the records of the local pharmacy. The risk ratio for any estrogen use was estimated from all available evidence to be 8.0 (95 per cent confidence interval, 3.5 to 18.1). and the for conjugated estrogen use to be 5.6 (95 per cent confidence interval, 2.8 to 11.1). Increased risk from estrogens was shown for invasive as well as noninvasive cancer, and a dose-response effect was demonstrated. For an estrogen user, the risk from endometrial cancer appeared to exceed by far the base-line risk from any other single cancer.

Endometrial cancer and patterns of use of oestrogen replacement therapy; A cohort study

“…The risk remains substantially elevated even after 15 years since cessation of use. Other reports have shown that the elevated risk persists after cessation of oestrogen use (Mack et al, 1976;Weiss et al, 1979;Shapiro et al, 1985), but this study extends the risk to longer drug-free intervals. One previous study suggested that the risk of endometrial cancer abates rapidly within two years since cessation of use (Hulka et al, 1980), but most oestrogen use in that study was of short duration (<3 years).…”

“…Discussion While our data on both oestrogen use and other variables are self-reported, we have evidence that these data are both reliable and valid (Paganini-Hill & Ross, 1982). Previous studies of oestrogen use in this community have found extremely good correlation in relative risks for various chronic diseases when oestrogen use was ascertained by interviews, medical records or pharmacy records (Mack et al, 1976;Ross et al, 1980;Paganini-Hill et al, 1981).…”

“…It is well established that post-menopausal women who use oestrogen replacement therapy are at increased risk of endometrial cancer (Smith et al, 1975;Ziel & Finkle, 1975;Mack et al, 1976;McDonald et al, 1977;Gray et al, 1977;Autunes et al, 1979;Weiss et al, 1979;Jick et al, 1979;Jelovesk et al, 1980;Shapiro et al, 1980;Hulka et al, 1980). Most studies which have explored this association have been of the case-control design.…”

The risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal females with or without estrogen drug exposure.

“…NAFEO Conference Scheduled for March [20][21][22]1981 The National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education (NAFEO) will convene its Sixth National Conference on Blacks in Higher Education on March [20][21][22]1981 …”

Promoting Effects of Ethinylestradiol but not Atrazine on <i>N</i>-ethyl-<i>N</i>-nitrosourea-induced Uterine Carcinogenesis in ICR Mice

“…Especially, it has been reported that such EDCs may play an important role in developing uterine adenocarcinoma [1][2][3] that is one of the most common malignant tumors in women 4 . Natural and synthetic estrogens have been shown to express their biological effects mainly by binding to estrogen receptors, and have been found to be major etiological agents for uterine carcinogenesis in humans 5,6 .…”