Estrogenic Effects of Effluents from Sewage Treatment Works

Purdom, C. E.; Hardiman, P; Bye, V. V. J.; Eno, N. C.; Tyler, Charles R.; Sumpter, John P.

doi:10.1080/02757549408038554

Cited by 1,569 publications

(926 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…3B). An increase in liver cell size detected in estra- diol-treated flounder was suggested to be the consequence of enhanced metabolic activity (Zaroogian et al, 2001) or the consequence of the stimulation of the vitellogenin synthesis when exposed to EE2 (Purdom et al, 1994). An estrogen-dependent depression in gluconeogenesis had been demonstrated in rainbow trout (Cevdet et al, 2003).…”

Section: Hepatic Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Histological alternation and vitellogenin induction in adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after exposure to ethynylestradiol and nonylphenol

Zha¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

et al. 2007

Chemosphere

156

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Adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) were exposed to 0, 1, 5, and 25 ng/l (nominal concentrations) of 17a-ethynylestradiol (EE 2 ) and 3, 10, and 30 lg/l (nominal concentrations) of 4-nonylphenol (NP) under flow-through conditions for a period of 28 d. Low mortality was observed at 5 and 25 ng/l EE 2 and the growth of fish reduced significantly at 25 ng/l EE 2 compared to controls. However, the gonadosomatic indices (GSI) of male fish were significantly higher in 1 ng/l EE 2 treatments and in 10 and 30 lg/l NP treatments (p < 0.05). Renal somatic indices (RSI) of male fish in EE 2 treatments were significantly higher than those in controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, significantly decreased GSI and RSI of female fish could only be observed in 5 and 25 ng/l EE 2 treatments (p < 0.05). Hepatosomatic indices (HSI) of male fish were significantly higher in 25 ng/l EE 2 treatments. However, significantly increased of HSI of female fish could only be observed in 1 ng/l EE 2 treatments. Plasma vitellogenin (VTG) induction could be observed in males after exposed to different concentrations of EE 2 and NP, and plasma VTG concentrations in females exposed to 5 and 25 ng/l EE 2 were also significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.05). At level higher than 5 ng/l EE 2 or 30 lg/l NP, hepatic tissue and renal tissue impairment of males could be observed. The pathological male liver was associated with a hypertrophy of hepatocytes and damages to cellar structure and accumulated eosinophilic material. Renal tissue showed different pathological effects which was reflected by accumulated eosinophilic material, hemorrhages within the kidney tubules and hypertrophy of the tubular epithelia. Also at these levels of exposure, feminization of male fish could be noticed and parts of males manifested the testis-ova phenomenon. Ovaries of female rare minnow in 25 ng/l EE 2 treatment group were degenerated. Therefore when exposed to EE 2 and NP even at environmental observed concentrations, adverse effects could occur in the reproductive system of adult fishes. The observed hepatic tissue and renal tissue impairment should be due to the induction and accumulation of VTG in organs, especially in males.

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Section: Hepatic Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Histological alternation and vitellogenin induction in adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after exposure to ethynylestradiol and nonylphenol

Zha¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

et al. 2007

Chemosphere

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The lowest observable effect concentration for E2 affecting production of vitellogenin in juvenile female rainbow trout is 14 ng/L [27]. Purdom and coworkers reported that less than 1 ng/L of EE2 can stimulate male rainbow trout to produce vitellogenin [28], while Lange and coworkers found that a concentration of 4 ng/L EE2 can cause failure in the male fathead minnow to develop normal secondary sexual characteristics [29]. Furthermore, freshwater worms can bioaccumulate EE2, making possible a transfer to benthivores and subsequent secondary poisoning of predators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The joint effects of room temperature ionic liquids and ordered media on fluorescence characteristics of estrogens in water and methanol

Wang

Duan

Dahlgren

et al. 2014

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros

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h i g h l i g h t sBoth b-CD and CTAB could sensitize the fluorescence of EE2 and E2. Inclusion ratio of the complex was 1:1. Typical RTILs including [C n MIM]BF 4 and [C n MIM]PF 6 (n = 4, 6). The fluorescence lifetimes were 2.50-2.53 and 4.03-4.13 ns for EE2 and E2. The quenching process was demonstrated to be a dynamic quenching mechanism. g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c tThe fluorescence lifetimes of EE2 were 2.50 and 4.13 ns, respectively, in water and methanol, and they increased gradually with increasing of b-CD concentrations. a r t i c l e i n f o t r a c tThis study investigated the steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence properties of 17a-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and 17b-estradiol (E2) in the presence of ordered media (b-cyclodextrins (b-CD) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)). In addition, we analyzed the effects of four room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) on the fluorescence intensities (FIs) of EE2/b-CD and E2/b-CD inclusion complexes in methanol. Both b-CD and CTAB enhanced the fluorescence of EE2 and E2. The FIs of EE2 and E2 with b-CD or CTAB in methanol were greater than those in water, possibly resulting from decreased oxygen-quenching in H 2 O molecules. b-CD and CTAB may form inclusion complexes with estrogen in both water and methanol. The inclusion ratio of the complex was 1:1 and the inclusion constant (K) values in water were greater than those in methanol. The fluorescence lifetimes were 2.50 and 4.13 ns for EE2 and 2.58 and 4.03 ns for E2 in aqueous solution and methanol, respectively. The changing trend of fluorescence lifetimes for EE2 and E2 in b-CD or CTAB was similar to the steady-state FIs. The four RTILs had a significant quenching effect on the FIs of EE2/b-CD and E2/b-CD, and the quenching process for EE2/ b-CD and E2/b-CD by RTILs was demonstrated to be a dynamic quenching mechanism. Fluorescent data obtained from these complex systems provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the interaction mechanisms between ordered media and RTILs in the analysis of estrogens.

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“…Purdom et al [1] were the first to identify the problem that effluents of all sewage treatment plants (STP) investigated in the United Kingdom were estrogenic. They demonstrated this by placing caged fish in STP effluents and showing that, after a brief period of time, these fish had extremely high plasma vitellogenin concentrations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They correctly deduced that one or more estrogenic chemicals must have been present in the effluents. Although Purdom et al [1] made their discovery in the late 1980 s, their results were not published until 1994.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The occurrence, causes, and consequences of estrogens in the aquatic environment

Sumpter

Jobling

2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Estrogenic Effects of Effluents from Sewage Treatment Works

Cited by 1,569 publications

References 9 publications

Histological alternation and vitellogenin induction in adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after exposure to ethynylestradiol and nonylphenol

Histological alternation and vitellogenin induction in adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after exposure to ethynylestradiol and nonylphenol

The joint effects of room temperature ionic liquids and ordered media on fluorescence characteristics of estrogens in water and methanol

The occurrence, causes, and consequences of estrogens in the aquatic environment

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