Estrogenic and Antiestrogenic Activities of Commercial Dietary Supplements Containing Herbal Ingredients and Isoflavones

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to assess the estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of five dietary supplements, commercially available for treatment of menopausal symptoms, before and after gastrointestinal digestion by employing a yeast steroid-regulated transcription system. Methods: Supplements (S) were extracted with either 80% methanol or water. Water extracts were subjected to simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. Estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities were assessed by a steroid-regulated transcription system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the human estrogen receptor alpha. Results:The highest estrogenic activities were detected in both S1 methanol (2342.5±20.83 MU) and water (1225.6±20.6 MU) extracts (400 estradiol equivalents). Extracts showed antiestrogenic properties by reducing the transcriptional activity induced by estradiol in transgenic yeast. The highest antiestrogenic activity was detected in S2 methanol extract and S3 water extract, which inhibited estradiol activity by 76% and 64%, respectively. After GI digestion, S1, S2 and S3 extracts showed significantly higher estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities as 'serum-available' than 'colon-available' samples and S4 and S5 extracts showed significantly higher activities as 'colon-available' than 'serum-available' samples. Conclusion:All dietary supplements revealed estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities. The GI digestion demonstrated the availability of phytoestrogens for absorption in the blood stream. Supplements containing soy isoflavones and alfalfa ingredients had the highest estrogenic activities and could be more effective than supplements with complex plant formulation in alleviating menopausal symptoms and treating osteoporosis. The transgenic yeast assays proved to be a powerful tool for assessing the in vitro estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of dietary supplements.

Polymorphism of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (A1298c) as a Risk Factor for Osteoporosis in Post-Menopausal Indonesian Women

“…In the case of the present study, likely compounding effects may be suspected from the processes of homocysteine metabolism, including, for example, the intake of riboflavin and folate [12,13,17,18]. The environmental effects from, for example, nutrition, exposure to sunlight, and other aspects of lifestyle will remain important also independently of population-and individualspecific genetic features [19,20]. Further work is suggested to clarify the interplay of the MTHFR polymorphisms and the environmental factors.…”

Correlation Between Phytoestrogens Intake With Telomere Length in Minangkabau Premenopausal Women

“…Asians consume more soybeans than European and American societies [19,20]. The food contains isoflavone had the highest estrogenic activities and could be more effective than supplements with a complex plant formulation [21].…”

Quantification of Hyaluronic Acid and Methylsulfonylmethane in Dietary Supplements

“…It consists of linear macromolecular chains of repeated glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine subunits that form glucosamine when hydrolyzed [5]. Hyaluronic acid molecules of different weights have different rheological and biological properties, and this, coupled to its intrinsic biocompatibility and viscoelastic physical character, means that it has been used as a treatment for osteoarthritis [6]. Thus, hyaluronic acid is commonly used as a supplement to maintain joint health and to control tissue hydration [7].…”