Estrogen Therapy and Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women†

Gambrell, R. Don; Massey, Fred M.; Castaneda, Tristan A.; Boddie, Arthur W.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1980.tb00530.x

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For instance, the report of Hoover et al (30) purported to show a slight increase; but when the same case load was reviewed by another epidemiologist (31), the outcome was a slight decrease. Gambrell et al (32) found that the incidence was far less in their hormone‐treated patients than in an untreated control group. In our studies, we found the normally expected incidence (Table 2).…”

Section: The Female Climactericmentioning

confidence: 95%

Update on the Male and Female Climacteric*

Greenblatt

Nezhat

Roesel

et al. 1979

J American Geriatrics Society

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The gonadal steroids--estrogens and androgens--appear to have a mood-elevating, psychotonic effect. The improved sense of well-being and increased vigor probably is engendered by restoration of somatic efficiency and psychic equilibrium. 1. The male climacteric, as observed in a limited number of men, is associated with a low level of serum testosterone. The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are not elevated because estrogen concentration continues unaltered well into old age. Androgen replacement therapy often lessens fatigue, depression and headaches, and headaches, and improves libidinous drives. 2. In the aging female, many climatric symptoms other than those due to vasomotor instability were heretofore considered merely coincidental. Recent studies suggest that the metabolism of cerebral hormones is markedly influenced by endogenous and exogenous gonadal steroids. Thus, postmenopausal depression, headaches, and nervousness may be hormone-dependent symptoms. 3. The incidence of endometrial cancer is no greater and is probably less in estrogen-treated women than in women not treated with estrogen, if regular cyclic courses of an oral progestogen are added to the regimen.

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Section: The Female Climactericmentioning

confidence: 95%

Update on the Male and Female Climacteric*

Greenblatt

Nezhat

Roesel

et al. 1979

J American Geriatrics Society

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“…There were 242 cases of breast cancer treated at Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center from 1972 through 1977 (17,18). lnfiltrating ductal carcinoma of the left breast was found in 2 males, ages 49 and 63, and the remaining patients were female.…”

Section: Role Of Exogenous Estrogens In Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Hormones in the Etiology of Breast and Endometrial Cancer

Gambrell

1979

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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Despite many years of extensive investigation, there has been neither a clear-cut pattern of hormonal production nor milieu found in women with breast cancer. Estrogen replacement therapy for menopause does not significantly increase the risk of breast cancer and one study indicated that estrogen users have a lower incidence of breast cancer than that observed in untreated women. Some studies have shown that the mortality rate from breast cancer is lower in estrogen-treated postmenopausal women. Only one investigator has found any significantly increased risk of breast cancer in oral contraceptive users. In that report, increased duration of birth control pill use decreased the risk of breast carcinoma. Several studies were unable to find an increased risk of breast cancer from oral contraceptives while one investigation observed a lower incidence in birth control pill users than that expected. The mortality from carcinoma of the breast in oral contraceptive users was lower than in non-users, most likely due to earlier detection. Although some retrospective studies have indicated that estrogen use increases the risk of endometrial cancer, a prospective investigation found only an insignificant increase. Progestogens afford some protection from cancer in estrogen-treated postmenopausal women. The incidence of endometrial adenocarcinoma is lower than that observed in untreated postmenopausal women. Combination oral contraceptives are protective against developing adenocarcinoma of the endometrium but sequential birth control pills may afford less protection. Suppl. 88 (1 979) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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“…It took 7 years of prospective study and 10 years of ever increasing progestogen use to confirm the protective effect of added progestogen to estrogen replacement therapy upon the breast, although our earlier reports indicated a trend in this direction. 13,25,28,46,47 Apparently, it takes long-term progestogen use to reduce the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The reduction in the risk of endometrial cancer from added progestogen was confirmed during the first few years of our study and also has been demonstrated in several other studies.…”

Section: Decreased Risk Of Breast Cancer From Postmenopausal Progestomentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Disease in the Postmenopausal Years

Gambrell¹

1983

Semin Reprod Med

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Estrogen Therapy and Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women†

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Update on the Male and Female Climacteric*

Update on the Male and Female Climacteric*

The Role of Hormones in the Etiology of Breast and Endometrial Cancer

Breast Disease in the Postmenopausal Years

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