Estrogen receptor α and β in uterine fibroids: a basis for altered estrogen responsiveness

Bakas, Panagiotis; Liapis, Angelos; Vlahopoulos, Spiros; Giner, Maria; Logotheti, Stella; Creatsas, G.; Meligova, Aggeliki K.; Alexis, Μichael N.; Zoumpourlis, Vassilis

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.09.019

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Fibroids express higher levels of ER α , ER β , and PR than control myometrium, but postmenopausal fibroids have 2.5-fold higher ER β expression with no difference in ER α or PR (Strissel et al 2007; Bakas et al 2008; Chakravarty et al 2008). ER α is present in smooth muscle cells with a variation in subcellular localization, while ER β is widely distributed in smooth muscle, endothelial, and connective tissue cells with nuclear location (Valladares et al 2006).…”

Section: Fibroids and Ermentioning

confidence: 95%

Estrogen receptors and human disease: an update

2012

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A myriad of physiological processes in mammals are influenced by estrogens and the estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ. As we reviewed previously, given the widespread role for estrogen in normal human physiology, it is not surprising that estrogen is implicated in the development or progression of a number of diseases. In this review, we are giving a 5-year update of the literature regarding the influence of estrogens on a number of human cancers (breast, ovarian, colorectal, prostate, and endometrial), endometriosis, fibroids, and cardiovascular disease. A large number of sophisticated experimental studies have provided insights into human disease, but for this review, the literature citations were limited to articles published after our previous review (Deroo and Korach in J Clin Invest 116(3):561–570, 2006) and will focus in most cases on human data and clinical trials. We will describe the influence in which estrogen’s action, through one of or both of the ERs, mediates the aforementioned human disease states.

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Section: Fibroids and Ermentioning

confidence: 95%

Estrogen receptors and human disease: an update

2012

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“…After ERs were able to be separately identified, as ERα and ERβ, other researchers [3,7,20] found an increased expression of both receptors in leiomyomas when compared with normal myometrium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leiomyomas are the most common tumors of the female reproductive tract, affecting approximately 20–40% of women of reproductive age [2]. They are a common indication for hysterectomy due to local pressure effects and bleeding, although it is estimated that less than 50% produce symptoms [3]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exact etiology of leiomyomas is unknown, but their development is considered to be estrogen-dependent [3]. Uterine leiomyomas are more prevalent during the reproductive years and tend to regress after oophorectomy, after the menopause and during gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estrogens act in the uterus mainly through two estrogen receptors (ERs) – ERα and ERβ [3]. The roles of these ERs and their interaction have been investigated, with conflicting data regarding the amount of ER isoforms found in leiomyomas compared with normal myometrial tissue [9,10,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protein Expression of Estrogen Receptors α and β and Aromatase in Myometrium and Uterine Leiomyoma

Grings¹,

Lora

Ferreira

et al. 2012

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Background: Leiomyomas are the most common tumors of the female reproductive tract and a major public health problem. The mechanism of tumorigenesis is unknown, but evidence suggests that estrogens regulate cell proliferation and myoma growth. This effect might be due to different amounts of estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) in normal and myoma tissues and overexpression of aromatase P450 in myomas. Purpose: To assess protein expression of ERs and aromatase in leiomyomas and normal adjacent myometrium of premenopausal women. Methods: Samples were collected from 12 premenopausal women admitted for abdominal hysterectomy due to fibroids. Results: The protein expression of ERα, ERβ and aromatase was similar in leiomyoma and normal myometrium (p = 0.239, p = 0.695 and p = 0.203, respectively). Conclusions: In this analysis of 12 matched leiomyoma and myometrial samples, the data do not support the theory that overexpression ERα, ERβ and aromatase in uterine leiomyomas compared to adjacent myometrium are the cause of tumor growth. The estrogens may exert their growth-stimulatory effects on leiomyomas intermediated by other elements, such as cytokines and growth or apoptosis factors. The effect of estrogen on the growth and development of fibroids is complex and far from being completely understood.

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Sex steroid receptors in skeletal differentiation and epithelial neoplasia: is tissue‐specific intervention possible?

et al. 2009

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Sex steroids, through their receptors, have potent effects on the signal pathways involved in osteogenic or myogenic differentiation. However, a considerable segment of those signal pathways has a prominent role in epithelial neoplastic transformation. The capability to intervene locally has focused on specific ligands for the receptors. Nevertheless, many signals are mapped to interactions of steroid receptor motifs with heterologous regulatory proteins. Some of those proteins interact with the glucocorticoid receptor and other factors essential to cell fate. Interactions of steroid receptor domain motifs with heterologous proteins affect specific target pathways; consequently, manipulation of specified protein modules complexed with steroid receptors may be a next major step for enhancing molecular targeted therapeutics. In the future, intervention at specific sections of receptor primary sequence may prove therapeutically more efficient in targeting pathways of choice than ligand selectivity can be.

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Estrogen receptor α and β in uterine fibroids: a basis for altered estrogen responsiveness

Cited by 42 publications

References 39 publications

Estrogen receptors and human disease: an update

Estrogen receptors and human disease: an update

Protein Expression of Estrogen Receptors α and β and Aromatase in Myometrium and Uterine Leiomyoma

Sex steroid receptors in skeletal differentiation and epithelial neoplasia: is tissue‐specific intervention possible?

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