Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Transcriptional Activities of Spent Coffee Grounds and Spent Coffee Grounds Compost, and Their Phenolic Acid Constituents

Abstract

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are the most abundant coffee byproduct and are generally discarded as waste. The horticultural use of SCG and SCG compost (SCGC) has become popular due to a growing interest in environmentally friendly measures for waste disposal. Estrogen-like endocrine disrupting chemicals in the soil can be absorbed by plants and subsequently by humans who consume these plants. The objectives of this study are to determine the phytochemical profiles of extracts of SCG and SCGC and to evaluate the estrogen-like activities of SCG, SCGC, and the major coffee phenolic acids, specifically, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), caffeic acid, and ferulic acid. Their inductive effects on estrogen receptor (ER)mediated gene transcription have been examined in cultured cell lines. CQA was the most abundant phenolic acid in SCG and SCGC and was further examined for its ER-mediated estrogen-like activity using various assays. This is the first study to report the estrogen-like signaling activities of coffee byproducts and their major constituents.

Anti-Platelet Aggregation and Anti-Cyclooxygenase Activities for a Range of Coffee Extracts (Coffea arabica)

“…CGA, CA and FA are the three main anti-oxidative phenolic compounds present in both roasted coffee grounds and spent coffee grounds. Of these, CGA is the most abundant compound [36]. In the present study, CA was not detectable in all coffee extracts, while authentic CA was detected in the chromatogram.…”

Estrogenic activity of capsule coffee using the VM7Luc4E2 assay

“…The strength of estrogenic activity of daidzein and genistein, the isoflavones abundant in soy products, has been reported to be comparable to ( Yang et al, 2014 ) or weaker ( Huang et al, 2007 ) than that of BPA. The phenolic acids chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid, each present in coffee, induced reporter gene transcription in MCF-7 cells, indicating estrogenic activity ( An et al, 2019 ). Notably, the VM7Luc4E2 assay has not been used to evaluate the estrogenic potential of flavonoids.…”

Estrogen receptor-mediated health benefits of phytochemicals: a review

“…Caffeic acid exhibits partial agonistic activity on both ERα and ERβ. 58 As a phenolic acid, gallic acid occurs in a variety of plants and fruits and has been applied as a dietary supplement in complementary and alternative medicine. 59 It can inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells by inducing apoptosis and in a dose-dependent manner.…”