Estrogen receptor independent rapid non-genomic effects of environmental estrogens on [Ca2+]i in human breast cancer cells

Bisphenol-A alters gene expression and functional parameters in molluscan hepatopancreas

“…With regards to the possible mechanisms of action of BPA, both genomic and non genomic modes of action involving ER-like receptors, as well as receptor-independent mechanisms may participate in mediating the effects (Quesada et al, 2002;Walsh et al, 2005;Ropero et al, 2006;Watson et al, 2007). In mussel immunocytes, BPA was shown to interfere with signaling components whose activation plays a key role in mediating the effect of E 2 .…”

“…However, estrogens can also act through rapid, 'non genomic' mechanisms of action that may be initiated at either membrane or cytosolic locations and can result in both direct local effects (such as changes in ion fluxes) and regulation of gene transcription secondary to activation of cytosolic kinase cascades (Levin, 2005;Vasudevan and Pfaff, 2007). Recent studies demonstrated that xenoestrogens can rapidly and potently elicit signaling through non genomic pathways culminating in functional endpoints (Walsh et al, 2005;Ropero et al, 2006;Tabb and Blumberg, 2006;Waring and Harris, 2005;Watson et al, 2007).…”

Endocrine disruptors and prostate cancer risk

“…This indicates that, although BPA may have a significantly lower potency than endogenous estrogens in vitro, it is a full agonist for both ERa and ERb. Furthermore, BPA induces ER through nongenomic pathways with an EC 50 equivalent to 17b-estradiol suggesting that in vivo estrogenic activity of BPA may be due to non-genomic activation of ER (Song et al 2002, Walsh et al 2005.…”

Chapel Hill bisphenol A expert panel consensus statement: Integration of mechanisms, effects in animals and potential to impact human health at current levels of exposure

“…BPA also results in changes in tissue enzymes and hormone receptors, and interacts with other hormone-response systems, such as the androgen and thyroid hormone receptor signaling systems. While BPA was initially considered to be a "weak" estrogen based on a lower affinity for estrogen receptor alpha relative to estradiol [18], research shows that BPA is equipotent with estradiol in its ability to activate responses via recently discovered estrogen receptors associated with the cell membrane [19][20][21][22]. It is through these receptors that BPA stimulates rapid physiological responses at low picogram per ml (parts per trillion) concentrations.…”