Estrogen receptor in the thymus of the castrated mice.

Seiki, Kanji; Imanishi, Yoshio; Haruki, Yasuo; Enomoto, Tomoo

doi:10.1507/endocrj1954.26.159

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Testoster¬ one, for example, is known to be immunosuppressive (Roubinian, Talal, Greenspan et al 1979), and an immunostimulant (Grossman, Sholiton & Roselle, 1980). The effects of gonadal steroids on the thymus may be mediated by receptors, since cytosolic recep¬ tors for androgens (Grossman, Nathan, Taylor & Sholiton, 1979a;McCruden & Stimson, 1981), oestrogens (Reichman & Villee, 1978;Grossman, Sholiton & Nathan, 19796;Seiki, Imanishi, Haruki & Enomoto, 1979;Danell, Souweine, Monier & Saez, 1983) and progestins (Fujii-Hanamoto, Seiki, Sakabe & Ogawa, 1985) have been identified and partially characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reappearance of the thymus in old rats after orchidectomy: inhibition of regeneration by testosterone

Greenstein¹,

Fitzpatrick²,

Adcock³

et al. 1986

Journal of Endocrinology

139

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The thymus is a critically important organ during development, but atrophies progressively during the ageing process after puberty and is often considered to be unimportant in adult life. We have found that the thymus, which is grossly atrophied in 12- to 15-month-old male rats, is markedly restored in size 30 days after orchidectomy. The organ then appears normal histologically, having a well-defined cortex and medulla, is vascularized and filled with thymocytes. The regeneration of the thymus after orchidectomy was inhibited in a dose-related fashion by testosterone implants which produced serum concentrations of testosterone within the physiological range. The thymus was also increased in size after orchidectomy of 10-week-old rats, and testosterone inhibited the enlargement of the thymus. These results have important implications for the possible enhancement of the immune system with associated improvement of health during ageing and disease. They also point to an important physiological link between the endocrine and immune systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reappearance of the thymus in old rats after orchidectomy: inhibition of regeneration by testosterone

Greenstein¹,

Fitzpatrick²,

Adcock³

et al. 1986

Journal of Endocrinology

139

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show abstract

“…Binding affinity of the order of 0.1 nM is very high, being almost equivalent to cytoplasmic estrogen-receptors in the mouse thymus (Seiki et al, 1979), the uterus of various species (Toft et al, 1967;Notides, 1970 ;Giannopoulos and Gorski, 1971), the rat hypothalamus (Korach and Muldoon, 1974 ;Kato, 1975), the rat pituitary (McGuire et al, 1973), the rat adrenal (Cutler et al, 1978) and the rat ovary (Saiduddin and Zassenhaus, 1977). …”

Section: Endocrinolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in castrated rat thymus.

1980

Self Cite

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Characterization of estrogen-binding components was attempted in cytosol fractions from thymus, spleen and mesenteric lymph node of castrated rats. As shown by sucrose gradient analysis, specific binding of [6, 7-3H]estradio1-17/3 in the thymus is associated with a component migrating at 4 S. The binding of [6, 7-31-flestradio1-17,8 is highly specific since it is easily displaced by unlabeled estradio1-17i5 and diethylstilbesterol.Affinity of unlabeled estrone, estriol and clomiphene citrate, is much lower, and estradiol-17a, progesterone, testosterone, 5a-dihydrotestosterone and corticosterone have no affinity for the component at all. The dissociation constant of thymic estrogen binding is 0.25 nm in males and 0.3 nm in females.The number of binding sites is 6 fmols/mg protein in both sexes. No specific binding to estrogen is, however, found in cytosol fractions from the other two tissues.Enzyme-and heat-experiments demonstrate that specific estrogen binder in thymic cytosol is heat-labile and at least protein in nature.It is concluded that the rat thymus contains a cytoplasmic estrogen receptor which is in part protein and heatlabile.

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Short-term and long-term effects of estrogen on lymphoid tissues and lymphoid cells with some remarks on the significance for carcinogenesis

Forsberg

1984

Arch Toxicol

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Estrogens have long been thought to play a role in regulating the immune system. The difference in some types of immune responses between males and females is well-known, as is the pronounced thymic involution induced by exogenous estrogens. Estrogens stimulate some aspects of macrophage activity and, depending on dose and mitogen, inhibit or stimulate lymphocyte proliferative response in vitro. Another example is the estrogen effect on the delayed type hypersensitivity response. A broad review is given of such estrogen effects on lymphoid tissue and immune response. Most of the studies published so far are phenomenological. However, the recent description of estrogen receptors in the thymus and in some lymphocyte subpopulations, as well as a deeper understanding of regulating factors in the immune system, open the possibility of a more detailed understanding of the estrogen mechanism of interference. Estrogen effects in adults are reversible. After treating neonatal mice with the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES), disturbances are induced in lymphocyte populations and lymphocyte functions which are permanent and irreversible. Lymphocytes from adult, neonatally DES-treated female mice have a reduced mitogen response to ConA and LPS (T and B cell mitogen) and the delayed type hypersensitivity response is depressed. A detailed analysis demonstrated a decreased T helper cell population. The activity of Natural Killer cells is permanently reduced and this functional impairment is related to a decreased number of these cells, in turn determined at the bone marrow level. The same animals have an increased sensitivity to chemical carcinogens (methylcholanthrene) and they spontaneously develop epithelial changes in the uterine cervix which morphologically are similar to adenocarcinoma. The association between estrogen-associated malignancy and estrogen effects in lymphocyte functions deserves further study.

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Estrogen receptor in the thymus of the castrated mice.

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Reappearance of the thymus in old rats after orchidectomy: inhibition of regeneration by testosterone

Reappearance of the thymus in old rats after orchidectomy: inhibition of regeneration by testosterone

Cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in castrated rat thymus.

Short-term and long-term effects of estrogen on lymphoid tissues and lymphoid cells with some remarks on the significance for carcinogenesis

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