Estrogen Receptor Expression in Benign Breast Ductal Cells Obtained from Random Periareolar Fine Needle Aspiration Correlates with Menopausal Status and Cytomorphology Index Score

Abstract

ER can be readily measured in cytologic specimens obtained by RPFNA with the use of antigen retrieval method. Further, ER expression in cytologic specimens is influenced by postmenopausal status and morphologic abnormality.

Lipid Metabolism Genes in Contralateral Unaffected Breast and Estrogen Receptor Status of Breast Cancer

“…Until now rFNA samples have been used for immunohistochemistry (27,28) and DNA-based analyses (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34), although feasibility of gene expression measurement has been explored (35). Considering the topographic heterogeneity in the breast, rFNA sampling is a useful tool for the discovery of breast cancer risk biomarkers; it provides a predominantly epithelial sample from a large area of the breast and allows the evaluation of women with clinically normal breasts, therefore greatly expanding the population for study, and eventual application of results.…”

Estrogen-Induced Aurora Kinase-A (AURKA) Gene Expression is Activated by GATA-3 in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells

“…It has been reported that E 2 stimulates cell proliferation in an ER α -dependent manner with accumulation of genetic damage leading to carcinogenesis [21]. Furthermore, ER α expression levels have been correlated with breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women [22]. Despite these interesting correlative findings on the oncogenic effects of estrogen, the genetic factors and their signaling pathways involved in the process have not yet been elucidated.…”

Use of biomarkers for breast cancer risk assessment and prevention

“…Both Ki-67 and ER expression appear to increase with increasing morphologic abnormality in both histologic and RPFNA specimens [14,46,47]. Further, a cross-sectional study of women with hyperplasia in benign biopsies showed higher Ki-67 (median 3.8%) and ER (median 57%) in patients ultimately progressing to cancer than in controls which did not (medians of 0.8% for Ki-67 and 30% for ER, respectively) [48].…”

“…First, it allows direct assessment of pre-cancerous change presuming a field effect. In addition to morphology, material is available for other response markers such as Ki-67 and ER, both of which increase in expression with increasing cytomorphologic abnormality [46,47]. Despite the fact that this is an invasive procedure there is minimal discomfort with a median pain score of 1 (reviewed in [41]).…”