Estrogen Increases Cerebral and Cerebellar Blood Flows in Postmenopausal Women

Ohkura, Takeyoshi; Teshima, Yasuaki; Isse, Kunihiro; Matsuda, Hiroshi; Inoue, Teruo; Sakai, Yoshihiko; Iwasaki, Naoya; Yaoi, Y

doi:10.1097/00042192-199502010-00003

Cited by 93 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…30,[34][35][36][37] CBF in the gray matter is significantly greater in women compared with men until the sixth decade of life 33,34,38,39 when losses of vascular and neuroprotective estrogen result in reductions in CBF in postmenopausal women. 40 However, interactions between age and sex on white matter CBF across the lifespan remain unknown. This is clinically significant given the link between elevations in aortic stiffness and development of white matter hyperintensities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Aortic Stiffness Is Associated With Lower Global Cerebrovascular Reserve Among Older Humans

DuBose¹,

Ponto²,

Moser³

et al. 2018

Hypertension

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Abstract-Greater aortic stiffness and pulse pressure are associated with cerebrovascular remodeling, reduced white matter microstructure, and cognitive performance with aging in humans. However, it is unclear whether aortic stiffness and pulse pressure are associated with reduced basal global cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reserve among older adults. Global CBF was quantified in 205 adults (range, 19-87 years; mean±SE: 30.6±1.3 years) using quantitative [ 15 O] water brain positron emission tomography imaging. In a subset of older adults (n=24; 70.0±2.0 years), aortic stiffness (carotid femoral pulse wave velocity) and cerebrovascular reserve (change in global CBF after intravenous infusion of acetazolamide) were assessed. In the entire cohort, global CBF was lower in older compared with young adults (36.5±1.1 versus 50.5±0.7 mL/min per 100 mL; P<0.001). Global CBF was higher in young women compared with young men (51.0±0.30 versus 47.4±0.03 mL/min per 100 mL; P<0.001) but did not differ between older women and men (P=0.63). In older adults, greater carotid femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with lower cerebrovascular reserve (r=−0.68; P=0.001 adjusted for age, sex, and mean arterial pressure) but not global CBF (r=0.13; P=0.60). Brachial pulse pressure was not associated with lower cerebrovascular reserve (r=−0.37; P=0.159) when adjusted for age and sex. These data indicate that the age-related increases in aortic stiffness may contribute, in part, to the brain's impaired ability to augment blood flow in response to a stimulus with aging in humans. (Hypertension. 2018;72:476-482.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Aortic Stiffness Is Associated With Lower Global Cerebrovascular Reserve Among Older Humans

DuBose¹,

Ponto²,

Moser³

et al. 2018

Hypertension

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“…Estrogen is considered to 1) improve the depressive status [6], 2) increase the brain blood flow [7], 3) stimulate the cholinergic neurons [8][9][10], and 4) increase the number of developed glial cells [11]. The prevention of arteriosclerosis is considered to be one of the important effects of estrogen to protect the brain, because AD and vascular dementia of the small vessel type frequently show overlap both in clinical symptoms and histological findings [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen and Non-Feminizing Estrogen for Alzheimer's Disease

et al. 2003

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“…5 ± 7 However, large placebo-controlled trials and well-designed epidemiological studies are required to address the role of oestrogens in prevention and treatment of AD as there have also been negative studies. 8 Oestrogen has been reported to increase the non-amyloidogenic processing of APP, 9 up-regulate the Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) expression, 10 improve cerebral blood flow, 11 facilitate neuronal repair, reduce neuronal injury and stimulate glucose transport and metabolism. 12 An association to AD has been reported for the oestrogen receptor a (ERa) gene in several studies 13,14 but there has also been a negative report.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of a CA repeat in the oestrogen receptor β gene in patients with Alzheimer's disease

et al. 2001

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Several studies have shown that oestrogen treatment after menopause decreases the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is also known that oestrogen stimulates the outgrowth of nerve cells and that apolipoprotein E (Apo E) synthesis and amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism are regulated by oestrogen. Recently a new oestrogen receptor was identified, oestrogen receptor b (ERb), located at chromosome 14q22-24. Several genes close to this chromosomal region have been implicated in AD, but the results are conflicting. Our hypothesis was that variations in the ERb gene could be the underlying cause to the positive findings in these genes and we have therefore investigated a CA repeat 1 in intron 5 of the ERb gene. Three hundred and thirty-six AD cases and 110 healthy age-matched controls were included in this study. Fourteen different alleles were found with frequencies between 0.1 and 37%. There was no significant difference between AD cases and controls when all alleles were compared. However, allele 5 was seen in 13.6% of the controls but only in 8.0% of AD cases (P=0.014; odds ratio (OR)=0.55). No AD patient homozygous for this allele was seen but three controls were homozygous. In conclusion, our findings suggest the ERb allele 5 to be a protective factor. However, this has to be confirmed in a larger population. European Journal of Human Genetics (2001) 9, 802 ± 804.

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Estrogen Increases Cerebral and Cerebellar Blood Flows in Postmenopausal Women

Cited by 93 publications

References 0 publications

Higher Aortic Stiffness Is Associated With Lower Global Cerebrovascular Reserve Among Older Humans

Higher Aortic Stiffness Is Associated With Lower Global Cerebrovascular Reserve Among Older Humans

Estrogen and Non-Feminizing Estrogen for Alzheimer's Disease

Investigations of a CA repeat in the oestrogen receptor β gene in patients with Alzheimer's disease

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