Estrogen Elevates the Peak Overnight Production Rate of Acylated Ghrelin

Paulo, Remberto; Brundage, Richard C.; Cosma, Mihaela; Mielke, Kristi L.; Bowers, Cyril Y.; Veldhuis, Johannes D.

doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0783

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Furthermore, estrogen reduces SST receptor expression, which in turn results in enhancing GH secretion [29][30][31]. Estrogen also enhances ghrelin-induced increase in GH secretion [18,32]. Therefore, estrogens play a major role in the regulation of GH secretion.…”

Section: Gh Secretion Regulation By Estrogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex steroids and the GH axis: Implications for the management of hypopituitarism

Birzniece

2017

Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metab

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Growth hormone (GH) regulates somatic growth, substrate metabolism and body composition. Sex hormones exert profound effect on the secretion and action of GH.Estrogens stimulate the secretion of GH, but inhibit the action of GH on the liver, an effect that occurs when administered orally. Estrogens suppress GH receptor signaling by stimulating the expression proteins that inhibit cytokine receptor signaling. This effect of estrogens is avoided when physiological doses of estrogens are administered via a non-oral route. Estrogen-like compounds, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators, possess dual properties of inhibiting the secretion as well as the action of GH. In contrast, androgens stimulate GH secretion, driving IGF-1 production. In the periphery, androgens enhance the action of GH. The differential effects of estrogens and androgens influence the dose of GH replacement in patients with hypopituitarism on concomitant treatment with sex steroids.Where possible, a non-oral route of estrogen replacement is recommended for optimising cost-benefit of GH replacement in women with GH deficiency. Adequate androgen replacement in conjunction with GH replacement is required to achieve the full anabolic effect in men with hypopituitarism.

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Section: Gh Secretion Regulation By Estrogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex steroids and the GH axis: Implications for the management of hypopituitarism

Birzniece

2017

Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metab

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“…Many studies reported that oestrogen up-regulates the ghrelin level. 96 However, oestrogen-replacement therapy in post-menopausal women increases serum total and acyl ghrelin secretion only to an insignificant extent, or even decreases serum total ghrelin level. 97 It was also found that plasma acyl ghrelin concentration, ghrelin expressing cells and ghrelin mRNA levels in the stomach increase transiently after ovariectomy in female rats.…”

Section: Oestrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…98 In addition, ghrelin and oestrogen receptor immunoreactivities were demonstrated in the same cells, suggesting that oestrogen may have a direct effect on ghrelin expression. 96 …”

Section: Oestrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin – Physiological Functions and Regulation

Abdalla

2015

European Endocrinology

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Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide predominantly secreted from the stomach and stimulates appetite and growth hormone (GH) release.Studies have provided evidence that ghrelin exercises a wide range of functions, including regulation of food intake and energy metabolism, modulation of cardiovascular function, stimulation of osteoblast proliferation and bone formation and stimulation of neurogenesis and myogenesis. In the gastrointestinal system, ghrelin affects multiple functions, including secretion of gastric acid, gastric motility and pancreatic protein output. Most of these functions have been attributed to the actions of acylated ghrelin. The balance among its secretion rate, degradation rate and clearance rate determines the circulating level of ghrelin. This review explains what ghrelin is, its physiological functions and the factors that influence its level. KeywordsGhrelin, food intake, obesity, lipolysis, ghrelin receptors, regulation Disclosure: Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla has no conflicts of interest to declare. Acknowledgement:A note of appreciation to Research Management Centre of MAHSA University, Malaysia for funding publication of this article.

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“…Another study reported suppressive effects of ovarian estradiol on stomach ghrelin gene expression as well as on the plasma ghrelin concentration (Matsubara et al, 2004). An additional recent study found that estradiol supplementation was followed by increased synthesis and/or acylation of the ghrelin peptide without any effect on its metabolic clearance rate in premenopausal women (Paulo et al, 2008), although another study did not confirm these data (Dafopoulos et al, 2010). Moreover, it has been reported that estrogen administration to a culture system of rat gastric tissue explants, induced a significant decrease in ghrelin secretion, but did not affect either mRNA or protein levels, and that testosterone treatment in orchidectomized rats did not affect gastric ghrelin secretion (Al-Massadi et al, 2010).…”

Section: Ghrelin and The Polycystic Ovary Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin and reproductive disorders

Repaci

Gambineri

Pagotto

et al. 2011

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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Ghrelin is an important factor involved in most of the metabolic and hormonal signals which adapt the reproductive functions in conditions of altered energy balance. Moreover, the coordinated role of leptin and ghrelin appears in fact to have a specific role in the regulation of puberty. Systemic action of ghrelin on the reproductive axis involves the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gondal axis. In addition, it has been shown that ghrelin may directly act at a gonadal level in both females and males. Available data also demonstrate that sex steroid hormones and gonadotropins may in turn regulate the gonadal effect of ghrelin, as documented by studies performed in females with the polycystic ovary syndrome and in hypogonadal men. Notably, recent studies also confirm a potentially important role for ghrelin in fetal and neonatal energy balance, and specifically in allowing fetal adaptation to an adverse intrauterine environment.

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Estrogen Elevates the Peak Overnight Production Rate of Acylated Ghrelin

Abstract: Acylated ghrelin has a multifold larger distribution volume and MCR than total ghrelin. An estrogenic milieu augments synthesis and/or acylation of ghrelin peptide without altering its MCR.

Cited by 33 publications

References 47 publications

Sex steroids and the GH axis: Implications for the management of hypopituitarism

Sex steroids and the GH axis: Implications for the management of hypopituitarism

Ghrelin – Physiological Functions and Regulation

Ghrelin and reproductive disorders

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