Estrogen as treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis in children and adolescents undergoing bone marrow transplantation

Selective embolization of the internal iliac arteries for the treatment of severe hemorrhagic cystitis following hematopoietic SCT

“…Prostaglandins E1, E2 and F2 have some success with bladder spasms occurred in 95-100% of the cases. 20,38,39 Estrogens application gets improvement of hematuria and CR in Australian patients with severe HC (80 and 60%, respectively), 21 while ineffective result is observed in Chinese patients. 18 Intravesicular sodium hyaluronate or recombinant human epidermal growth factor are other local treatment choices but need to be tested in larger cohorts of patients.…”

“…[14][15][16][17] The use of formalin, alum, prostaglandin E1, estrogens, FVIIa, factor XIII, hyperbaric oxygen treatment, intravesicular sodium hyaluronate, recombinant human epidermal growth factor or recombinant human GM-CSF has been described, but their efficacy remains controversial. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Severe HC may also require surgical treatment with cystoscopy and cauterization, and even cystectomy when previous methods have failed, 28 but it is limited by the disadvantage of operation.…”

Prevention and management of BK‐virus associated haemorrhagic cystitis in children following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation – a systematic review and evidence‐based guidance for clinical management

“…IV. administration of oestrogen at doses of 25-100 mg/d, followed by oral maintenance therapy with 5-10 mg/d (Heath et al, 2006) seemed to be more effective in reducing symptoms than oral therapy with 6-12 mg/d alone (Cheuk et al, 2007), (Shepherd et al, 1991;Vose et al, 1993;Bedi et al, 1995) 1 (Hows et al, 1984) 3 (Ballen et al, 1999) Continuous bladder irrigation (Praveen et al, 1992) 3 (Trigg et al, 1990;Levine & Jarrard, 1993;Ippoliti et al, 1995;Laszlo et al, 1995;Cesaro et al, 2003) Cidofovir instillation Alum instillation…”

Viruria in Adult Hemorrhagic Cystitis Patients Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Implication of Antiviral Treatment

“…However, the treatment of late-onset (postengraftment) HC has not been established despite many different therapies being described such as TAE, intravesical rhGM-CSF, intravesical alum instillation, epidermal growth factor, and estrogen. 6,7,18,19) In this study, all third-line therapeutic approaches but intravenous cidofovir infusion did not showed any response. Cidofovir, a cytosine nucleoside analog, has a broad antiviral spectrum against the viruses which can be encountered in HC after HSCT including polyoma virus, adenovirus, and CMV.…”