Estrés de las minorías sexuales y su impacto en la salud mental de las personas LGB+

Abstract

People who belong to a sexual minority face diverse stressful situations due to not being heterosexual, such as discrimination, disclosure of their sexual orientation, or fear of rejection. All these experiences result in an added emotional burden that can negatively affect their mental health. For this reason, the purpose of this thesis is to analyze specific situations that sexual minority face and to determine their impact on their mental health, taking into account the differences in sexual orientation and gender.The final sample of the study consisted of 4676 people, aged between 18 and 72 years (M = 33.14; SD = 11.73). Specifically, the sample was divided into six groups: 1000 heterosexual men, 1000 heterosexual women, 940 gay men, 289 lesbian women, 458 plurisexual men (bisexual and pansexual), and 989 plurisexual women (bisexual and pansexual). All of the participants answered a battery of questionnaires that among other variables, evaluated mental health, well-being, and quality of life, experiences of general victimization, sexual abuse, and the process of development and awareness of sexual orientation. In addition, in the specific case of sexual minorities, they also answered questions about the reaction of their family members when they found out about their LGTBI+ identity (lesbian, gay, trans, bisexual, intersex, and other sexual minorities), if they had had LGTBI+ referents during the process of their sexual orientation awareness, and some questions about discrimination, stigma, and stress of sexual minorities.The results showed that, in general, plurisexual people are the ones with the worst mental health, especially plurisexual women. However, in terms of discrimination, stigma, and stress of sexual minorities, gay men have experienced them more frequently. On the other hand, plurisexual people reported having the greatest difficulties during their development process and their sexual orientation awareness. Through the general regression models, it is seen that the specific experiences of sexual minorities explain between 23.9% and 28.3% of the variance

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