Estragole-rich essential oil of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) as an eco-friendly alternative to the synthetic insecticides in management of two stored-products insect pests

Abstract

<p>The lesser grain borer [<em>Rhyzopertha dominica</em> (Fabricius, 1792)] and the red flour beetle [<em>Tribolium castaneum</em> (Herbst, 1797)] are among the cosmopolitan damaging pests on several stored-products. The overuse of chemical pesticides in the control of such pests caused several side-effects including environmental contaminations, human health problems, and insect pests' resistance. In this circumstance, researchers have focused on safe and effective alternatives to chemical pesticides. In the present study, the insecticidal efficiency of essential oil extracted from the summer savory (<em>Satureja hortensis</em> L.) was assessed on the <em>R. dominica </em>and<em> T. castaneum</em> adults. The chemical profile of essential oil was evaluated through a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, in which estragole, β-ocimene and d-limonene were the main components. The essential oil had considerable fumigant toxicity on insect pests. The mortality of insects was dependent on the essential oil concentration and exposure time. Probit analysis indicated that <em>R. dominica</em> with low LC<sub>50</sub> values (Lethal Concentration to kill 50 % of tested insects) was more susceptible than <em>T. castaneum</em>. Accordingly, <em>S. hortensis</em> essential oil with a high level of phenylpropanoid and terpenic compounds can be recommended as an efficient and natural alternative to the detrimental chemicals in the management of<em> R. dominica </em>and<em> T. castaneum</em>.</p>

Alternate gene expression profiling of monoterpenes in Hymenocrater longiflorus as a novel pharmaceutical plant under water deficit

“…Having antiseptic effects caused thymol to be used as ingredient in mouthwash and toothpaste products 41 . Another monoterpene that was distinguished in surahalala plants is estragole which can act as an agent for attracting the pollinators, play a role in defense mechanism against pathogens and herbivores, and be applied in food products and spices as flavoring compounds 48 . Similarly, β-citronellol is used in perfume factories and can act in pollinators attractions along with repellent effects on some organisms mainly mosquito 49 .…”

The response of Hymenocrater longiflorus to water stress and proline application under in vitro cultivation

“…Having antiseptic effects caused thymol to be used as an ingredient in mouthwash and toothpaste products (Yauk et al, 2015). Another monoterpene that was distinguished in surahalala plants is estragole, which can act as an agent for attracting the pollinators, play a role in defense mechanisms against pathogens and herbivores, and be applied in food products and spices as avoring compounds (Ebadollahi, 2020).…”

“…Estragole is normally biosynthesized via IPP pathway which its precursor is the compounds of a parahydroxy group such as conferyl acetate (Yauk et al, 2015) and p-allylphenol (Gross et al, 2002). Omethyltransferases (OMTs) is an important enzyme act in transforming para-hydroxy compounds to estragole by using a methyl donor (S-adenosylmethionine; SAM) (Ebadollahi, 2020). The content of estragole in surahalala plants was signi cantly increased in response to the higher water de cit condition and higher proline treatments.…”

“…The availability of estragole metabolite in surahalala was rst reported by Hoseiny et al (2021). The importance of this metabolite in surahalala is related to its role as a defense compound against different microorganisms and herbivores, in addition to pollinator attractants (Ebadollahi, 2020). Estragole is a subset of the phenylpropenes group that also contains isoeugenol, eugenol, and transanethole (isoestragole).…”

Acaricidal, Insecticidal, and Nematicidal Efficiency of Essential Oils Isolated from the Satureja Genus

“…S. hellenica p-Cymene (27.46%), carvacrol (23.25%), and borneol (6.79%)[68].S. hortensisEstragole (82.1%), β-ocimene (11.9%), and limonene (2.3%)[46].S. intermediaThymol (48.1%), carvacrol (11.8%), p-cymene (8.1%), and γ-terpinene (8.1%)[47].S.…”