Estradiol Fatty Acid Esters in Adipose Tissue and Serum of Pregnant and Pre- and Postmenopausal Women

Badeau, Maija; Vihma, Veera; Mikkola, Tomi S.; Tiitinen, Aila; Tikkanen, Matti J.

doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1372

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar effects antagonizing the beneficial action of estrogens on endothelial cells may be exerted by 27-hydroxycholesterol, which binds to and blocks ERa and increased concentrations of which are observed in postmenopausal women (Umetani & Shaul 2011). It also cannot be excluded that estrogens are less effective in postmenopausal women due to increased esterification by LCAT and estrogen ester sequestration in adipose tissue (Badeau et al 2007b).…”

Section: Conclusion and Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogens and atherosclerosis: insights from animal models and cell systems

Nofer

2012

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Estrogens not only play a pivotal role in sexual development but are also involved in several physiological processes in various tissues including vasculature. While several epidemiological studies documented an inverse relationship between plasma estrogen levels and the incidence of cardiovascular disease and related it to the inhibition of atherosclerosis, an interventional trial showed an increase in cardiovascular events among postmenopausal women on estrogen treatment. The development of atherosclerotic lesions involves complex interplay between various pro-or anti-atherogenic processes that can be effectively studied only in vivo in appropriate animal models. With the advent of genetic engineering, transgenic mouse models of atherosclerosis have supplemented classical dietary cholesterolinduced disease models such as the cholesterol-fed rabbit. In the last two decades, these models were widely applied along with in vitro cell systems to specifically investigate the influence of estrogens on the development of early and advanced atherosclerotic lesions. The present review summarizes the results of these studies and assesses their contribution toward better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying anti-and/or pro-atherogenic effects of estrogens in humans.

show abstract

Section: Conclusion and Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogens and atherosclerosis: insights from animal models and cell systems

Nofer

2012

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…E 2 -FAE have been considered as the storage form of active estrogen in lipoproteins and adipose tissues that may be released as an active unconjugated hormone (3). It has also been suggested that E 2 -FAE may act as an antioxidant, protecting lipoproteins against oxidation (17,41).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of lysosomal acid lipase in the intracellular metabolism of LDL-transported dehydroepiandrosterone-fatty acyl esters

Wang

Wang²,

Wähälä³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

H]DHEA-FAE entered cells via LDL receptor or LDL receptorrelated receptor-mediated uptake, followed by intracellular hydrolysis and further metabolism into 5␣-adione and 4-adione that were excreted from cells. Although LAL contributed to the deesterification of DHEA-FAE, it was not solely responsible for the hydrolysis. ribonucleic acid interference; chromatography; dehydroepiandrosterone STEROID FATTY ACYL ESTERS (FAE) such as 17␤-estradiol-FAE (E 2 -FAE) and dehydroepiandrosterone-FAE (DHEA-FAE) belong to a unique family of naturally occurring hydrophobic hormone derivatives (15, 16). These steroids are esterified in a reaction catalyzed by plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and transported to other lipoprotein particles (14,18,30,35,42). The physiological role of steroid-FAE remains unclear. E 2 -FAE have been considered as the storage form of active estrogen in lipoproteins and adipose tissues that may be released as an active unconjugated hormone (3). It has also been suggested that E 2 -FAE may act as an antioxidant, protecting lipoproteins against oxidation (17, 41). Our previous studies (4) in a cell culture model demonstrated that lipoprotein-associated E 2 -FAE can be transferred into target cells and hydrolyzed to free E 2 .Compared with E 2 -FAE that is present in picomolar concentration in the circulation, nanomolar concentrations of circulating DHEA-FAE have been reported (7,26). Moreover, its hydrolysis product, DHEA, is one of the relatively abundant adrenal steroids secreted in humans and the precursor of estrogens and androgens (24). In blood, Ͼ90% of DHEA-FAE is associated with lipoproteins (38, 39). We are interested in the intracellular hydrolysis and metabolic fate of lipoproteinbound DHEA-FAE in target tissues.In postmenopausal women, only trace amounts of E 2 are present in serum, the overwhelming majority of estradiol residing in adipose tissue, mostly in the form of FAE (3). This finding opens up the possibility that adipose tissue could constitute a reservoir of many other steroid-FAEs from which active steroid hormones could, in principle, be liberated by hydrolysis of the FAE bond. Therefore, we aimed at exploring possible hydrolytic mechanisms involved in generating free DHEA and identifying potential bioactive metabolites of DHEA generated in cells. Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is the enzyme responsible for the intracellular hydrolysis of LDLassociated cholesteryl esters (cholesteryl-FAE) that are taken up by LDL-receptor-mediated endocytosis (12). Because of the similar ring structure of DHEA and cholesterol, we investigated the possibility that DHEA-FAE is also hydrolyzed by LAL. We chose HeLa cells as a model to study the hydrolysis and metabolism of LDL-associated DHEA-FAE because these cells, derived from the reproductive tract, have previously been useful in the study cholesterol metabolism (19,22,37). Moreover, HeLa cells express LAL mRNA (1) and RNA silencing works very reproducibly in these cells. Thus we inv...

show abstract

“…Peningkatan kadar estrogen serum karena banyaknya cadangan lemak yang akan diubah menjadi estrogen tidak efektif karena adanya risiko menderita penyakit-penyakit metabolik tersebut. Badeau et al (2007) meneliti kadar estadiol dan ester estradiol yaitu estradiol yang teresterifikasi di serum, jaringan adiposa viseral, dan jaringan adiposa subkutis abdomen pada wanita hamil, wanita premenopause, dan pascamenopause. 13 Ester estradiol merupakan derivat dari estradiol yang memiliki aktivitas hormonal poten dan dapat bertahan lama.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

“…Badeau et al (2007) meneliti kadar estadiol dan ester estradiol yaitu estradiol yang teresterifikasi di serum, jaringan adiposa viseral, dan jaringan adiposa subkutis abdomen pada wanita hamil, wanita premenopause, dan pascamenopause. 13 Ester estradiol merupakan derivat dari estradiol yang memiliki aktivitas hormonal poten dan dapat bertahan lama. Pada wanita premenopause dan pascamenopause proporsi ester estradiol meningkat seiring dengan penurunan kadar estradiol serum.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

“…Berdasarkan aktivitas hormonalnya yang poten dan dapat bertahan lama, terdapat hipotesis bahwa ester estradiol berperan sebagai reservoir estrogen yang akan dilepaskan ke jaringan target pada kondisi rendahnya estrogen. 13 Pada wanita pascamenopause estrogen banyak terdapat di jaringan adiposa dan sebagian besar berupa ester estradiol. Pada penelitian ini kadar estrogen jaringan adiposa lebih tinggi pada kelompok perlakuan namun secara statistik tidak bermakna.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pengaruh Olahraga Teratur Terhadap Kadar Estrogen Adiposa dan Estrogen Serum pada Tikus Sprague dawley yang Dilakukan Ovariektomi

Bebasari¹

2017

JIK

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Menopause has some effects on women's health. Exercise is one alternative to resolve menopausal complaints. Regular exercise can increase serum estrogen level in postmenopausal women. This increase is believed to occur through increased aromatization of androgen in extragonadal tissue especially adipose tissue in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study is to explore estrogen levels in adipose tissue and serum due to regular exercise in ovariectomized rats. A post-test only control group design was performed in this study. Ten female Sprague dawley rats were used throughout the study and randomly selected. Rats were ovariectomized and divided into two groups: five rats in treated group and five rats in control group. Treatment groups get treadmill exercise for 8 weeks. Furthermore, rats blood were taken for examination of serum estrogen level, rats were killed and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were removed for examination of estrogen level in adipose tissue. Statistical analysis was performed with independent t test. Estrogen level in adipose tissue was higher in the treatment group but not statistically significant (p > 0,05). Higher serum estrogen levels in the control group but not statistically significant (p > 0,05). Extragonadal aromatization has occurred in adipose tissue of ovariectomized rats with regular exercise.

show abstract

Estradiol Fatty Acid Esters in Adipose Tissue and Serum of Pregnant and Pre- and Postmenopausal Women

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Estrogens and atherosclerosis: insights from animal models and cell systems

Estrogens and atherosclerosis: insights from animal models and cell systems

Role of lysosomal acid lipase in the intracellular metabolism of LDL-transported dehydroepiandrosterone-fatty acyl esters

Pengaruh Olahraga Teratur Terhadap Kadar Estrogen Adiposa dan Estrogen Serum pada Tikus Sprague dawley yang Dilakukan Ovariektomi

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About