Estimation of trace levels of plutonium in urine samples by fission track technique

Sawant, Pramilla D.; Prabhu, Supreetha P.; Kalsi, P. C.; Pendharkar, K. A.

doi:10.1007/s10967-007-7147-6

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The detection limits set by the ICRP are 3.4 × 10 –4 Bq/L (148.4 fg/L) for 239 Pu, 2.2 × 10 –2 Bq/L (173.3 fg/L) for 241 Am, and 1.6 × 10 –1 Bq/L (53.5 fg/L) for 244 Cm in urine . However, the typical activity of TRUs in biological samples may be at the levels of femtogram. , In order to meet the requirement of detection limits in emergency situations, the need for analytical techniques with a high sample analysis throughput and a short turn-around time for the TRUs’ determination is even more pronounced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Determination of Transuranium Radionuclides in Urine by Tandem Quadrupole ICP–MS/MS with Mass-Shift Mode Combined with Chemical Separation

Peng,

Sun,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Anal. Chem.

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The urine bioassay method for transuranium nuclides ( 237 Np, 239,240,241 Pu, 241 Am, and 244 Cm) is needed to quickly assess the potential internal contamination in emergency situations. However, in the case that the analysis of multiple radionuclides is required in the same sample, time-consuming/tedious sequential analytical procedures using multiple chromatographic separation resins would have to be employed for the separation of every single radionuclide. In this work, a rapid method for the simultaneous determination of transuranium nuclides in urine was developed by using triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP−MS/MS) combined with a single DGA resin column. The chemical behaviors of Np/Pu and Am/Cm on the DGA resin were consistent in 8− 10 mol/L HNO 3 and 0.005−0.02 mol/L NaNO 2 when 242 Pu and 243 Am were selected as tracers for Np/Pu and Am/Cm yield monitoring. Based on their different reaction rates with O 2 , 237 Np, 239,240,241 Pu, 241 Am, and 244 Cm in the same solution were simultaneously measured by ICP−MS/MS in the same run. The elimination efficiency of 238 U + tailing (7.43 × 10 −9 ), 238 U 1 H 16 O 2 + / 238 U 16 O 2 + (8.11 × 10 −8 ) and cross contamination of 241 Pu and 241 Am (<1%) were achieved using 10.0 mL/min He− 0.3 mL/min O 2 even if the eluate was directly measured without any evaporation. The detection limits of transuranium nuclides were at the femtogram level, demonstrating the feasibility of ICP−MS/MS for simultaneous transuranic radionuclides urinalysis. The developed method was validated by analyzing the spiked urine samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 However, the typical activity of TRUs in biological samples may be at the levels of femtogram. 7,8 In order to meet the requirement of detection limits in emergency situations, the need for analytical techniques with a high sample analysis throughput and a short turn-around time for the TRUs' determination is even more pronounced.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of Transuranium Radionuclides in Urine by Tandem Quadrupole ICP–MS/MS with Mass-Shift Mode Combined with Chemical Separation

Peng,

Sun,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Anal. Chem.

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“…Urine bioassay has been regarded as a reliable approach to estimate the radiation dose of internal exposure for people occupationally or incidentally exposed to radioactive contamination. Over the past few decades, a wealth of analytical methods have been developed and applied to determine plutonium in human urine. − …”

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confidence: 99%

Bead Injection Extraction Chromatography Using High-Capacity Lab-on-Valve as a Front End to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Urine Radiobioassay

et al. 2013

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A novel bead injection (BI) extraction chromatographic microflow system exploiting a high-capacity lab-on-valve (LOV) platform coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection is developed for rapid and automated determination of plutonium in human urine. A column attached to the LOV processing unit is loaded online with a metered amount of disposable extraction chromatographic resin (up to 330 mg of TEVA (abbreviation for tetravalent actinides)) through programmable beads transport. Selective capture and purification of plutonium onto the resin beads is then performed by pressure driven flow after preliminary sample pretreatment. The analytical results demonstrate the large capacity of bead surfaces for uptake of Pu within the tailor-made LOV platform that fosters processing of large-sized biological samples, e.g., 1 L of human urine, along with good reproducibility for automatic column renewal (0.319 ± 0.004 g, n = 5). The chemical yields of plutonium were averagely better than 90% under the optimal experimental conditions, and the entire analytical procedure could be accomplished within a short time frame (<3 h) as compared to manual counterparts (1-2 days). Therefore, the developed system is well suited for expedient analysis of low-level plutonium in urine of exposed individuals as required in emergency situations.

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“…Among the vast analytical methods developed for Np and Pu determination in human urine, − several coprecipitation techniques have been exploited for preconcentration of target analytes, including calcium phosphate, calcium bismuth, and hydrogen titanium oxide coprecipitation. Iron hydroxide coprecipitation is a traditional method of choice for determination of trace levels Np and Pu.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sequential Injection Approach for Simultaneous Determination of Ultratrace Plutonium and Neptunium in Urine with Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2013

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An analytical method was developed for simultaneous determination of ultratrace level plutonium (Pu) and neptunium (Np) using iron hydroxide coprecipitation in combination with automated sequential injection extraction chromatography separation and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurement. Several experimental parameters affecting the analytical performance were investigated and compared including sample preboiling operation, aging time, amount of coprecipitating reagent, reagent for pH adjustment, sedimentation time, and organic matter decomposition approach. The overall analytical results show that preboiling and aging are important for obtaining high chemical yields for both Pu and Np, which is possibly related to the aggregation and adsorption behavior of organic substances contained in urine. Although the optimal condition for Np and Pu simultaneous determination requires 5-day aging time, an immediate coprecipitation without preboiling and aging could also provide fairly satisfactory chemical yields for both Np and Pu (50-60%) with high sample throughput (4 h/sample). Within the developed method, (242)Pu was exploited as chemical yield tracer for both Pu and Np isotopes. (242)Pu was also used as a spike in the AMS measurement for quantification of (239)Pu and (237)Np concentrations. The results show that, under the optimal experimental condition, the chemical yields of (237)Np and (242)Pu are nearly identical, indicating the high feasibility of (242)Pu as a nonisotopic tracer for (237)Np determination in real urine samples. The analytical method was validated by analysis of a number of urine samples spiked with different levels of (237)Np and (239)Pu. The measured values of (237)Np and (239)Pu by AMS exhibit good agreement (R(2) ≥ 0.955) with the spiked ones confirming the reliability of the proposed method.

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Estimation of trace levels of plutonium in urine samples by fission track technique

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Simultaneous Determination of Transuranium Radionuclides in Urine by Tandem Quadrupole ICP–MS/MS with Mass-Shift Mode Combined with Chemical Separation

Simultaneous Determination of Transuranium Radionuclides in Urine by Tandem Quadrupole ICP–MS/MS with Mass-Shift Mode Combined with Chemical Separation

Bead Injection Extraction Chromatography Using High-Capacity Lab-on-Valve as a Front End to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Urine Radiobioassay

Sequential Injection Approach for Simultaneous Determination of Ultratrace Plutonium and Neptunium in Urine with Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

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