Estimation of thermal lensing effect in the high-power end-pumped direct-cut crystal lasers

Thermal loading effects on Nd:YAG solar-laser performance in end-pumping and side-pumping configurations: a review

“…The difference between the energy of pumping photons and the energy of laser's photons in optically pumped solid lasers is the main reason for the heat generated in the crystal lattice of the lasing medium in addition to heat resulting from transfer of nonlaser emitting upper levels-and the nonradiative relaxation from the pump band-to ground levels. 14,15 The absorption of pump radiation by the host material in turn causes the heating of the laser medium. 15 Consequently, the heat generated inside the laser material acts as the heat source.…”

“…15 Assume homogeneous cooling on the surface of the laser rod, which means the temperature at each point along the axis of the rod is fixed and the thermal conductivity coefficient is independent of temperature. 17 Under these assumptions, we can write a differential equation for thermal transfer in a cylindrical rod as follows: 14,[17][18][19] E Q -T A R G E T ; t e m p : i n t r a l i n k -; e 0 0 4 ; 6 3 ; 4 4…”

Finite Element Analysis of Thermal Effects in Diode End-Pumped Solid-State Lasers

“…The difference between the energy of pumping photons and the energy of laser's photons in optically pumped solid lasers using diode lasers and quantum defects, which are called quantum defect heating, is the main reason for the heat generated in the crystal lattice of the lasing medium in addition to heat resulting from transfer of non-laser-emitting upper levels to ground levels [6].…”

“…Under these assumptions, we can write a differential equation for thermal transfer in a cylindrical crystal as follows [1,[6][7][8]:…”

Influence of the laser-diode temperature on crystal absorption and output power in an end-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser

“…This cavity includes four mirrors, two extremity plane mirrors M1, M4 and two concave mirrors M2, M3 (For details, please refer [6,7].) Figure 4 schematically shows the pumping direction and cavity configuration.…”