Estimation of the transmitter and receiver differential biases and the ionospheric total electron content from Global Positioning System observations

Sardón, E.; Rius, A.; Zarraoa, N.

doi:10.1029/94rs00449

Cited by 415 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…We use an elevation mask angle of 50°for slant-to-vertical conversion of TEC and an azimuth filter of 100°-220°to avoid local time contamination effect. Also, appropriate satellite and receiver bias corrections are incorporated (Sardon et al 1994;Jakowski et al 2011). We compare the TEC observation and the present model output with TEC estimated by the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model (Bilitza et al 2012).…”

Section: Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical model of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) near the crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA)

Hajra

Chakraborty²,

Tsurutani

et al. 2016

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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We present a geomagnetic quiet time (Dst > À50 nT) empirical model of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) for the northern equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crest over Calcutta, India. The model is based on the 1980-1990 TEC measurements from the geostationary Engineering Test Satellite-2 (ETS-2) at the Haringhata (University of Calcutta, India: 22.58°N, 88.38°E geographic; 12.09°N, 160.46°E geomagnetic) ionospheric field station using the technique of Faraday rotation of plane polarized VHF (136.11 MHz) signals. The ground station is situated virtually underneath the northern EIA crest. The monthly mean TEC increases linearly with F 10.7 solar ionizing flux, with a significantly high correlation coefficient (r = 0.89-0.99) between the two. For the same solar flux level, the TEC values are found to be significantly different between the descending and ascending phases of the solar cycle. This ionospheric hysteresis effect depends on the local time as well as on the solar flux level. On an annual scale, TEC exhibits semiannual variations with maximum TEC values occurring during the two equinoxes and minimum at summer solstice. The semiannual variation is strongest during local noon with a summer-to-equinox variability of 50-100 TEC units. The diurnal pattern of TEC is characterized by a pre-sunrise (0400-0500 LT) minimum and near-noon (1300-1400 LT) maximum. Equatorial electrodynamics is dominated by the equatorial electrojet which in turn controls the daytime TEC variation and its maximum. We combine these long-term analyses to develop an empirical model of monthly mean TEC. The model is validated using both ETS-2 measurements and recent GNSS measurements. It is found that the present model efficiently estimates the TEC values within a 1-r range from the observed mean values.

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Section: Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical model of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) near the crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA)

Hajra

Chakraborty²,

Tsurutani

et al. 2016

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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“…The ionospheric slant TEC (sTEC) can be directly extracted from the raw dual-frequency measurements by removing the satellite DCB and receiver DCB [37], which are released by CODE and JPL IONEX file. Then, we can obtain the GPS-based vTEC at IPP through applying the mapping function.…”

Section: Data Processing and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmaspheric Electron Content Inferred from Residuals between GNSS-Derived and TOPEX/JASON Vertical TEC Data

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The plasmasphere, which is located above the ionosphere, is a significant component of Earth's atmosphere, and the plasmasphere electron content (PEC) distribution is determined by different physical mechanisms to those of the ionosphere electron content (IEC). However, the observation for the PEC is very limited. In this study, we introduced a methodology (called zero assumption method, which is based on the assumption that PEC can reach zero) to extract the PEC over TOPEX/JASON (T/J) and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) overlapping areas. Results show that the daily systematic bias (T/J vertical TEC > GNSS-derived vertical TEC) for both low (2009) and high (2011) solar activity condition is consistent, and the systematic bias for JASON2 and JASON1 is different. We suggest that systematic biases predominantly arise from the sea state bias (SSB), especially the tracker bias. After removing the systematic bias, we extracted reliable PEC inferred from differences between GNSS-derived vertical TEC and T/J vertical TEC data. Finally, the characteristics of the plasmaspheric component distribution for different local times, latitudes, and seasons were investigated.

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“…[23] After determining the TEC along a number of ray paths by using a special calibration technique for the ionospheric delay of GPS signals [Sardon et al, 1994], the slant TEC is mapped to the vertical by using a single-layer approximation for the ionosphere at h sp = 400 km height. Using the GPS ground stations of the European IGS network, about 60 -100 TEC data points are available for reconstructing TEC maps over the area 20°W l 40°E; 32.5°N j 70°N.…”

Section: Tec Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method for reconstruction of the vertical electron density distribution in the upper ionosphere and plasmasphere

et al. 2003

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[1] Ground-based ionosphere sounding measurements alone are incapable of reliably modeling the topside electron density distribution above the F layer peak density height. Such information can be derived from Global Positioning System (GPS)-based total electron content (TEC) measurements. A novel technique is presented for retrieving the electron density height profile from three types of measurements: ionosonde ( f o F 2 , f o E, M 3000 F 2 , h m f 2 ), TEC (GPS-based), and O + -H + ion transition level. The method employs new formulae based on Chapman, sech-squared, and exponential ionosphere profilers to construct a system of equations, the solution of which system provides the unknown ion scale heights, sufficient to construct a unique electron density profile at the site of measurements. All formulae are based on the assumption of diffusive equilibrium with constant scale height for each ion species. The presented technique is most suitable for middle-and high-geomagnetic latitudes and possible applications include: development, evaluation, and improvement of theoretical and empirical ionospheric models, development of similar reconstruction methods utilizing low-earth-orbiting satellite measurements of TEC, operational reconstruction of the electron density on a real-time basis, etc.

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Estimation of the transmitter and receiver differential biases and the ionospheric total electron content from Global Positioning System observations

Cited by 415 publications

References 4 publications

An empirical model of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) near the crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA)

An empirical model of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) near the crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA)

Plasmaspheric Electron Content Inferred from Residuals between GNSS-Derived and TOPEX/JASON Vertical TEC Data

A new method for reconstruction of the vertical electron density distribution in the upper ionosphere and plasmasphere

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