Estimation of the phosphine resistance level of the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), by the knockdown time of adult

Abstract

In a previous study, the assay method was developed for determining easily and precisely whether cigarette beetles are knocked down by phosphine fumigation. In the study, it was shown that knockdown times and mortalities of adults exposed to phosphine fumigation were closely correlated to each other. However, it is important, for successful fumigation, to evaluate the susceptible level of eggs in the beetles' population beforehand because eggs are the least susceptible stage to phosphine of all the life stages of the beetle. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between the lethal concentration (LC) of eggs and the knockdown time (KT) of adults. The susceptible level to phosphine was investigated by a mortality test and a knockdown test for 15 strains. The correlation between the log LC of eggs and the log KT of adults was shown by the following logistic function showing a correlation coefficient of 0.933: log LCϭ0.370ϩ(2.743Ϫ0.370) / [1ϩexp{Ϫ2.155ϫ(log KTϪ2.521)}]. It was suggested that the substitution of the value of log KT 99.9 into the above logistic function yielded sufficient information for determination of the most appropriate phosphine concentration for successful fumigation.

Insecticidal Activity of Artemisia vulgaris Essential Oil and Transcriptome Analysis of Tribolium castaneum in Response to Oil Exposure

“…The use of chemical fumigants (methyl bromide and phosphine) is currently one of the most effective methods for controlling stored-product insect pests (Athanassiou et al, 2015;Thompson and Reddy, 2016). Chemical insecticides, such as pyrethroids, phosphine, and dichlorvos, are also used to control these pests (Nayak et al, 2003;Hori and Kasaishi, 2005;Bomzan et al, 2018). However, improper and indiscriminate application of these insecticides can result in long-term undesirable effects on human health, non-targeted animals, and the environment (Dey, 2016).…”

Fumigant Toxicity and Sublethal Effects of Artemisia khorassanica and Artemisia sieberi on Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

“…The control of stored product insect pests is mainly based on the application of chemical insecticides, such as pyrethroids, phosphine, and dichlorvos ( White and Leesch 1995 , Nayak et al 2003 , Hori and Kasaishi 2005 ). However, the improper and indiscriminate application of these insecticides led to the long-term undesirable effects on human health, environment, and nontarget animals ( Champ and Dyte 1977 , Subramanyam and Hagstrum 1995 , White and Leesch 1995 ).…”

“…The toxicity of a large number of essential oils and their constituents has been evaluated against stored product insects ( Hori and Kasaishi 2005 , Rajendran and Srianjini 2008 ; Yang et al 2014 ). The Artemisia genus is one of the largest and most widely distributed genera of the family Compositae ( Kordali et al 2006 ).…”

Entomocidal effectiveness of some indigenous botanicals’ aqueous extracts against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

“…Many methods have been developed to control maize weevil but its control is mainly achieved by the successive use of synthetic chemicals in the form of fumigants having quick knockdown effect. The use of synthetic chemicals causes many problems like resurgence of pests, residual effects on stored grains, lead to accumulation of residues on maize grains causing environmental and health hazards to human beings [7,8]. Furthermore, methyl bromide has been banned internationally by "Montreal International Agreement" due to its depletion effect on ozone layer [6].…”