Estimation of the mating system in a fungal pathogen Crumenulopsis sororia (Karst.) Groves using isozyme markers

Ennos, Richard A.; Swales, KE

doi:10.1038/hdy.1987.151

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The evolutionary implications of the bias trait cannot be addressed without greater knowledge of the mating and infection process, including information on which types of conjugation events lead to infection under natural conditions. Nevertheless, our study emphasizes that knowledge of which mating types are present and of their reproductive behavior in culture is not sufficient to infer the actual mating system as it operates in natural fungal populations (Ennos and Swales, 1987). Our study additionally suggests that the detailed operation of fungal mating systems may be evolutionarily quite labile and vary substantially over short distances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The Distribution of Mating-Type Bias in Natural Populations of the Anther-Smut Ustilago violacea on Silene alba in Virginia

Oudemans¹,

Alexander²,

Antonovics³

et al. 1998

Mycologia

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Complete individual-wide mating-type bias (retrieval of sporidia of only one mating type from germinated teliospores of one fungal individual) was observed to be a common and widespread feature of the anther-smut fungus, Ustilago violacea, collected from natural populations of its host, Silene alba. The bias was usually to mating type Al, but the frequency of bias and its spatial distribution varied from region to region. Populations with high frequencies of bias still showed high rates of disease transmission. Crosses between Al mating type sporidial lines from completely biased individuals and A2 mating types from unbiased individuals showed no bias in the progeny. During teliospore germination, biased individuals often showed conjugation among adjacent cells of the promycelium, suggesting that both mating types are present in the germinating teliospore but one mating type is unable to grow as free-living sporidia. The complete bias was most readily interpreted as evidence of "haploid lethals" linked to mating type that cause poor survival or growth of the sporidial stage. The results show that such "haploid lethals" may be a common occurrence in natural populations, and that fungal mating systems may vary considerably over short distances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The Distribution of Mating-Type Bias in Natural Populations of the Anther-Smut Ustilago violacea on Silene alba in Virginia

Oudemans¹,

Alexander²,

Antonovics³

et al. 1998

Mycologia

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“…These release asexual macroconidial spores that disperse along the branch in water films and spread the infection locally. At a later stage, sexual reproduction occurs through outcrossing between adjacent haploid mycelia in the canker leading to the development of apothecia (Ennos and Swales, 1987). Ascospores are released from apothecia under humid conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ascospores are released from apothecia under humid conditions. Pathogen genetic structure: Previous investigations of C. sororia using genetic markers have established that the C. sororia individuals present in a native pinewood comprise a large number of multilocus genotypes (Ennos and Swales, 1987). These represent the products of random sexual outcrossing between genotypes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sample of each isolate was then grown in liquid culture medium (LCM; 10 g glutamic acid, 10 g glucose, 2 g yeast extract, 1 g KH 2 PO 4 , 0.02 g MgSO 4 Á 7H 2 O, 0.02 g FeCl 3 , 880 mg ZnSO 4 Á 7H 2 O, 400 mg MnSO 4 Á 4H 2 O/l) and scored for its genotype at the GOT isozyme locus. In this haploid fungus, individuals possess either the fast Got F or slow Got S migrating allele (Ennos and Swales, 1987). From each population, five individuals of genotype Got F and five individuals of genotype Got S were chosen at random for inclusion in inocula with the restriction that no two individuals came originally from the same apothecium.…”

Section: Pathogen Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in host resistance and pathogen selective value in the interaction between Pinus sylvestris and the fungus Crumenulopsis sororia

Ennos

McConnell

2003

Heredity

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There have been many studies of plant pathogen evolution in systems showing gene-for-gene control of host resistance. However little is known about situations, exemplified by Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, and its fungal pathogen Crumenulopsis sororia, where variation in host resistance is quantitative. In a field experiment genetically marked isolates of C. sororia from three natural populations were reciprocally inoculated on 1-and 2-year-old branch tissue of P. sylvestris in the three sites from which they had been collected. Quantitative variation in host resistance was measured by comparing the performance of the same inocula on different host populations, individuals and tissues. The selective value of isolates derived from different populations was estimated by comparing the frequency of genotypes in lesion re-isolations with those in the initial inoculum mixtures. Host resistance varied significantly among populations, individuals within populations and between 1-and 2-year-old branch tissue of P. sylvestris. Large differences in the relative selective values of C. sororia isolates from different populations were detected. The selective value of pathogens was independent of the host population on which they were inoculated. However, their selective value did depend on the age of the tissue on which they grew. The implications of these results for modelling evolution in pathogen-host interactions that lack gene-forgene determination of host resistance are discussed.

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“…However, in contrast with the majority of plant mating system studies, most fungal mating system studies have been conducted in the laboratory, and have not considered the degree to which mating behavior in the laboratory may differ from mating behavior in natural populations. Of the few studies of fungal mating systems in natural populations, most have conformed more or less to laboratory results: self-compatible species predominately selfed and self-incompatible species predominately outcrossed (Ainsworth, 1987;Ennos and Swales, 1987;Sharland et al, 1988;Sharland and Rayner, 1989a,b;Adams et al, 1990;Kohn et al, 1991;Kohli and Kohn, 1992;Wang, 1997;Cortesi and Milgroom, 2001;Kroken, 2001), with several exceptions (see below). However, some fungal species deviate from the strict dichotomy between self-compatibility and self-incompatibility (Mathieson, 1952;Uhm and Fujii, 1983;Perkins, 1987;Herskowitz, 1988;Harrington and McNew, 1997), supporting the need for a broader perspective on fungal mating systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed mating in natural populations of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica

et al. 2004

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As in plants, fungi exhibit wide variation in reproductive strategies and mating systems. Although most sexually reproducing fungi are either predominantly outcrossing or predominantly selfing, there are some notable exceptions. The haploid, ascomycete chestnut blight pathogen, Cryphonectria parasitica, has previously been shown to have a mixed mating system in one population in USA. In this report, we show that both selfing and outcrossing occur in 10 additional populations of C. parasitica sampled from Japan, Italy, Switzerland and USA. Progeny arrays from each population were assayed for segregation at vegetative incompatibility (vic) and DNA fingerprinting loci. Outcrossing rates (t m ) were estimated as the proportion of progeny arrays showing segregation at one or more loci, corrected by the probability of nondetection of outcrossing (a #). Estimates of t m varied from 0.74 to 0.97, with the lowest rates consistently detected in USA populations (0.74-0.78). Five populations (four in USA and one in Italy) had t m significantly less than 1, supporting the conclusion that these populations exhibit mixed mating. The underlying causes of variation in outcrossing rates among populations of C. parasitica are not known, but we speculate that -as in plants -outcrossing is a function of ecological, demographic and genetic factors.

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Estimation of the mating system in a fungal pathogen Crumenulopsis sororia (Karst.) Groves using isozyme markers

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

The Distribution of Mating-Type Bias in Natural Populations of the Anther-Smut Ustilago violacea on Silene alba in Virginia

The Distribution of Mating-Type Bias in Natural Populations of the Anther-Smut Ustilago violacea on Silene alba in Virginia

Variation in host resistance and pathogen selective value in the interaction between Pinus sylvestris and the fungus Crumenulopsis sororia

Mixed mating in natural populations of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica

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