Estimation of the Electric Field in Atom Probe Tomography Experiments Using Charge State Ratios
Levi Tegg,
Leigh T Stephenson,
Julie M Cairney
Abstract:Kingham [(1982). The post-ionization of field evaporated ions: A theoretical explanation of multiple charge states. Surf Sci 116(2), 273–301] provided equations for the probability of observing higher charge states in atom probe tomography (APT) experiments. These “Kingham curves” have wide application in APT, but cannot be analytically transformed to provide the electric field in terms of the easily measured charge state ratio (CSR). Here we provide a numerical scheme for the calculation of Kingham curves an… Show more
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