Estimation of the diet-dependent net acid load in 229 worldwide historically studied hunter-gatherer societies

Schmeißer, Alexander; Hahn, Andreas; Sebastián, Anthony

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28637

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This observation is in accordance with the findings of a small cross-sectional study (n = 10 vegans) indicating a NEAP of 17.3 ± 14.5 mEq/day for a vegan diet [42]. In contrast, most modern, omnivore, Western diets show net acid-producing effects in the range of >50 mEq/day [43,50,53,54]. With respect to preventive medicine, the near neutral characteristic of the vegan diet is of interest, since it is known that neutral or net base-producing diets have shown multiple health benefits, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Diet-Dependent Net Endogenous Acid Load of Vegan Diets in Relation to Food Groups and Bone Health-Related Nutrients: Results from the German Vegan Study

Schmeißer

Waldmann²,

Koschizke

et al. 2011

Ann Nutr Metab

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Background/Aims:Dietary composition has been shown to affect acid-base homeostasis and bone health in humans. We investigated the potential renal acid load (PRAL) and the estimated diet-dependent net acid load (net endogenous acid production, NEAP) in adult vegans and evaluated the relationships between NEAP, food groups and intake of bone health-related nutrients. Methods: The German Vegan Study (GVS) is a cross-sectional study. Data from healthy men (n = 67) and women (n = 87), aged 21–75 years, who fulfilled the study criteria (vegan diet for ≧1 year prior to study start; age ≧18 years, and no pregnancy/childbirth during the last 12 months) were included in the analysis. NEAP values were calculated from diet composition using two models: one based on the protein/potassium quotient and another taking into account an anthropometry-based loss of urinary organic anions. Results:Mean daily intakes of phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium and vitamin C were above, and vitamin D and calcium below Dietary Reference Intake (DRI). Regardless of the model used, the diet in the GVS was characterized by a nearly neutral NEAP. A strong correlation was observed between the NEAP values of the two models (r_s = 0.873, p < 0.001). Only the consumption of fruits decreased constantly across the increasing quartiles of NEAP. Conclusions: It can be hypothesized that vegan diets do not affect acid-base homeostasis. With respect to bone health, the significance of this finding needs further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Diet-Dependent Net Endogenous Acid Load of Vegan Diets in Relation to Food Groups and Bone Health-Related Nutrients: Results from the German Vegan Study

Schmeißer

Waldmann²,

Koschizke

et al. 2011

Ann Nutr Metab

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“…This study also highlights opportunities to optimize diets on a population level. A number of recent studies have examined differences in the NEAP of a contemporary Western diet compared with diets of our preagricultural ancestors (13,35). These studies demonstrate that contemporary acid-inducing diets are a dramatic change from net alkali-inducing diets consumed during most of our evolutionary history.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolic acidosis may be exacerbated by a contemporary Western diet, which delivers a high nonvolatile acid load, compared with the diet of our preagricultural ancestors (11)(12)(13). The nonvolatile acid load, also known as the net endogenous acid production (NEAP), is determined by the balance of acid and alkali precursors in the diet (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated Net Endogenous Acid Production and Serum Bicarbonate in African Americans with Chronic Kidney Disease

Scialla

Appel

Astor

et al. 2011

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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SummaryBackground and objectives Metabolic acidosis may contribute to morbidity and disease progression in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The ratio of dietary protein, the major source of nonvolatile acid, to dietary potassium, which is naturally bound to alkali precursors, can be used to estimate net endogenous acid production (NEAP). We tested the association between estimated NEAP and serum bicarbonate in patients with CKD.Design, setting, participants, & measurements NEAP was estimated among 462 African American adults with hypertensive CKD using published equations:. Dietary protein and potassium intake were estimated from 24-hour urinary excretion of urea nitrogen and potassium, respectively. All of the eligible measurements during follow-up were modeled using generalized linear regression clustered by participant and adjusted for demographics, 24-hour urinary sodium, kidney function, and selected medications. ResultsHigher NEAP was associated with lower serum bicarbonate in a graded fashion (P trend Ͻ 0.001). Serum bicarbonate was 1.27 mEq/L lower among those in the highest compared with the lowest quartile of NEAP (P Ͻ 0.001). There was a greater difference in serum bicarbonate between the highest and lowest quartiles of NEAP among patients with stage 4/5 CKD (Ϫ2.43 mEq/L, P Ͻ 0.001) compared with those with stage 2/3 disease (Ϫ0.77 mEq/L, P ϭ 0.01; P-interaction ϭ 0.02). ConclusionsReducing NEAP, through reduction of dietary protein and increased intake of fruits and vegetables, may prevent metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD.

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“…When it comes to the pH and net acid load in the human diet, there has been considerable change from the hunter gather civilization to the present [5]. With the agricultural revolution (last 10,000 years) and even more recently with industrialization (last 200 years), there has been an decrease in potassium (K) compared to sodium (Na) and an increase in chloride compared to bicarbonate found in the diet [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Alkaline Diet: Is There Evidence That an Alkaline pH Diet Benefits Health?

Schwalfenberg

2012

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

119

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This review looks at the role of an alkaline diet in health. Pubmed was searched looking for articles on pH, potential renal acid loads, bone health, muscle, growth hormone, back pain, vitamin D and chemotherapy. Many books written in the lay literature on the alkaline diet were also reviewed and evaluated in light of the published medical literature. There may be some value in considering an alkaline diet in reducing morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases and further studies are warranted in this area of medicine.

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Estimation of the diet-dependent net acid load in 229 worldwide historically studied hunter-gatherer societies

Cited by 42 publications

References 56 publications

Diet-Dependent Net Endogenous Acid Load of Vegan Diets in Relation to Food Groups and Bone Health-Related Nutrients: Results from the German Vegan Study

Diet-Dependent Net Endogenous Acid Load of Vegan Diets in Relation to Food Groups and Bone Health-Related Nutrients: Results from the German Vegan Study

Estimated Net Endogenous Acid Production and Serum Bicarbonate in African Americans with Chronic Kidney Disease

The Alkaline Diet: Is There Evidence That an Alkaline pH Diet Benefits Health?

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