Estimation of the compression behaviour of reconstituted clays

Liu, Martin D.; Zhuang, Ziling; Horpibulsuk, Suksun

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.10.015

Cited by 55 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Figure 3 indicates that there were three segments of slope from the e versus log σ' curves for the three respective drainage conditions. These findings are in agreement with recent observations by Liu, Zhuang, and Horpibulsuk (2013). The first segment was found at an effective stress of less than 12 kPa.…”

Section: Settlement and Pore Pressuresupporting

confidence: 94%

“…As such, the compression of ultra-soft soils at very low effective stresses is dependent upon initial level of water content. Liu, Zhuang, and Horpibulsuk (2013) analyzed compression curves of various reconstituted clays with high water contents. The authors found that beyond a specific stress level, designated herein as transition pressure, the compression curves are unique and can be approximated using the intrinsic compression line (ICL) proposed by Burland (1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lee and Sills (1981), Win (1999); Bo et al (2011) and Chu, Arulrajah, and Bo (2009a) similarly reported large settlement of slurry with little or no effective stress gain. Studies on ultra-soft clay are limited to date with few publications on the properties of ultra-soft soils reported by authors such as Schiffman, Chen, and Jordan (1969), Lee and Sills (1981), Carrier and Beckman (1984), Cargill (1984), Drnevich et al (1988), Burland (1990), Hong, Cui, and Yin (2010) and more recently by Bo et al (2011) and Liu, Zhuang, and Horpibulsuk (2013). Land reclamation (Bo, Arulrajah, and Nikraz 2007;Arulrajah and Bo 2008;Arulrajah et al 2009;Chu, Arulrajah, and Bo 2009b), field instrumentation (Arulrajah, Nikraz, and Bo 2004;Arulrajah et al 2013), in-situ testing Bo 2005, 2006;Bo et al 2014), deep sand compaction ) and mineralogy (Bo et al 2015) case studies of soft and ultra-soft soils in marine environment in the Republic of Singapore have also been reported in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Step Loading Compression of Ultra-Soft Soil under Radial Drainage Conditions

Bo¹,

Wong

Choa

et al. 2015

Marine Georesources & Geotechnology

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Downloaded by [RMIT University] at 05:18 15 August 2015 2Step loading compression measurements of ultra-soft soil, obtained from marine environment, was carried out with a hydraulic consolidation cell at moisture contents of 150 and 168%. Three different drainage conditions were tested: radial outward, inward and both inward and outward drainages. Ultra-soft soil showed a significant settlement in the first step of loading. There was little pore pressure dissipation, which implies little effective stress gain and with large magnitude of settlement in low stress range. New compression parameters C*c1, C*c2 and C*c3 are proposed for viscous and intrinsic states inclusive of low stress log cycles. A correlation between void ratio at 10 kPa effective stress (e*10) and void ratio at liquid limit eL was proposed and the relevant compression parameters were predicted. The magnitudes of settlements at various loadings were subsequently predicted using the proposed basic equations and were found to agree well with the measured data. Dimensionless time factor curves for various radial drainage conditions were also proposed. By utilizing these curves, time rate of settlement was predicted, which indicated good agreement between predicted and measured rates of settlement. It was furthermore found that the predicted time rate of settlement could be ascertained by using the coefficient of large strain consolidation estimated from void ratio versus hydraulic conductivity relationships. This research will make a contribution in the field of geotechnical engineering as it seeks to improve fundamental understanding of the compressibility of ultra-soft soil from marine environment, by means of step-loading compression measurements with a hydraulic consolidation cell.

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Section: Settlement and Pore Pressuresupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Step Loading Compression of Ultra-Soft Soil under Radial Drainage Conditions

Bo¹,

Wong

Choa

et al. 2015

Marine Georesources & Geotechnology

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“…It is apparent that the ICL defined for the Singapore marine clay is similar to that proposed by Burland (1990). The deviation at low stresses of less than 100 kPa could be due to the difference between the initial moisture content of the various tested samples with slightly different liquid limit varying between 77 and 84% as observed by Hong, Yin, and Cui (2010), Liu and Carter (2010), Liu, Zhuang, and Horpibulsuk (2013) and Horpibulsuk et al (2016). The intrinsic compression index obtained from the ICL is in the range of 0.58 to 0.67.…”

Section: Intrinsic Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 68%

Laboratory investigation on the compressibility of Singapore marine clays

Bo¹,

Choa

Chu

et al. 2016

Marine Georesources & Geotechnology

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2The compressibility characteristics of Singapore marine clay in reconstituted and undisturbed states were studied using oedometer, constant rate of strain, Rowe cell and isotropic consolidation tests. The intrinsic compression curve of the reconstituted clay was found to be similar to that proposed by Burland (1990), with some minor deviations at low vertical stresses of less than 100 kPa. The field and laboratory compression behaviors were found to be similar, hence the laboratory curve could be used as a reference for interpreting the field behavior. Factors affecting the measurements of compression index and yield stress were discussed. As the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at the top upper clay was close to one, the compression curves of vertically and horizontally trimmed samples were almost similar. The yield stress was mainly controlled by the strain rate; i.e., the higher strain rate resulted in the higher yield stress. Constrained modulus as derived from cone penetration tests (CPT) and flat dilatometer tests (DMT) were also examined and compared with laboratory test results. The in-situ tests showed the decrease in constrained modulus with depth and generally DMT was found to register a higher modulus values.

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“…There has been a large amount of theoretically modelling and prediction of the compression behaviour of soils including the influence of soil structures [4,[25][26][27]39]. However, theoretical models capturing the compression behaviour of metal-rich clays are very limited [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the compression behaviour of metal-rich clays via a Disturbed State Concept (DSC) model

Fan

Liu

et al. 2016

Applied Clay Science

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Many studies have been made on the compression behaviour of clay exposed to metal-rich liquids (metalrich clay) because metal contamination of clay is found worldwide and increasingly poses as an environmental risk. However, the study on predicting the compression behaviour of contaminated clay with various metal concentrations is very limited. In this paper, a general compression model of the metalrich clays is proposed based on a general Disturbed State Concept (DSC) compression model. A simplified form of the general model is proposed, and validated based on the compression behaviour of metal-rich clays with various metal concentrations in the pore liquid. The following conclusions are obtained in this study: (1) the simplified DSC compression model provides a practical means to estimate the compression behaviour of metal-rich clays, and it can quantify the influence of various metals on the compression behaviour of clay; (2) in the simplified DSC compression model, the influence of metal exposure can be reliably described by one parameter b, which is very useful for geotechnical engineering practice; (3) the ratio of the bulk modulus for metal-rich clays over that of the parent clay (i.e., without metal contamination) is found to be dependent on parameter b only, and that value is usually greater than 1. The highest value for the bulk modulus ratio found in this study is 2.2 for a sea water-exposed clay; and (4) two empirical equations for estimating parameter b are established. Hence the proposed model can be used for engineering estimation.

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Estimation of the compression behaviour of reconstituted clays

Cited by 55 publications

References 50 publications

Step Loading Compression of Ultra-Soft Soil under Radial Drainage Conditions

Step Loading Compression of Ultra-Soft Soil under Radial Drainage Conditions

Laboratory investigation on the compressibility of Singapore marine clays

Estimating the compression behaviour of metal-rich clays via a Disturbed State Concept (DSC) model

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