Estimation of surface-level NO2 and O3 concentrations using TROPOMI data and machine learning over East Asia

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI satellite application for NO2 and CO studies aiming at environmental valuation

“…Scientific investigations related to the levels of atmospheric compounds, such as: nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH 4 ), ozone (O₃) and aerosols (ultra-fine particles), were conducted utilizing equipment subsidized by the European Space Agency (ESA), through the use of images from the Sentinel-5P satellite, within the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near InfraRed (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) detection spectrometer. Using the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) system (Prunet et al, 2020;Kang et al, 2021;Saw et al, 2021;Xia et al, 2021) is the most innovative way of detecting existing pollutant levels in the world (Prunet et al, 2020;Kang et al, 2021a).…”

“…NO 2 , SO 2 , CO and CH 2 O are all gasses that have historically been and continue to be released into the atmosphere in large amounts in industrial and urban areas (Neckel et al, 2021). The main source of these gaseous releases is the use of fossil fuels (Prunet et al, 2020;Kang et al, 2021a;Saw et al, 2021;Xia et al, 2021). Globally, the consequences of the release of NO 2 , SO 2 , CO and CH 2 O are increasing (Xia et al, 2021).…”

“…Globally, the consequences of the release of NO 2 , SO 2 , CO and CH 2 O are increasing (Xia et al, 2021). Levels, in which the levels of missions of these gases were 2.7 times higher in 2006, aggravated by the increase of 2.3% in 2019 and 2.6% in (2020) of the number of vehicles, associated with the industrial production that registered an accumulated growth of 15% of the fleet between 2015 and 2018 (Prunet et al, 2020;Kang et al, 2021a;Oliveira et al, 2021;Raparthi et al, 2021;Tang et al, 2021). It should be remembered that NO 2 and CO are gases that are harmful to human health, as they are extremely carcinogenic (Cetin, 2016;Oliveira et al, 2021;Maharjan et al, 2022).…”

“…The state's highest concentration of cancer of the respiratory tract could likely be attributed to poor air quality, thus, the need to analyze the proportions of NO 2 and CO in the localized atmosphere (Oliveira et al, 2021;Maharjan et al, 2022). The Sentinel-5P satellite has been shown to serve as the most modern investigation technique in the world when examining quantitative proportions of NO 2 and CO (Prunet et al, 2020;Kang et al, 2021a;Saw et al, 2021;Xia et al, 2021).…”

“…Consequently, data revealed by the Sentinel-5P TROPOMI satellite images is of utmost importance to clarify the concentrations of NO 2 and CO present at certain levels in the atmospheric column (Prunet et al, 2020;Kang et al, 2021a;Saw et al, 2021;Xia et al, 2021). This is required to serve as a basis for the application of environmental valuation using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) (Brandli et al, 2014;Xie and Zhao, 2018;Neckel et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020;Basu and Srinivasan, 2021).…”