Estimation of submarine groundwater discharge into Geographe Bay, Bunbury, Western Australia

Varma, Sunil; Turner, Jeffrey V.; Underschultz, Jim

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.02.003

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…This is because the discharge from the Xbuya-Ha spring, alone, generates fluxes of at least 40,000 m 3 d 21 even during the dry period reported here. In comparison, this single point source contributes twice the amount of total groundwater discharged from diffuse SGD along 67 km in Geographe Bay Australia (240-284 m 3 km 21 d 21 ; Varma et al 2010). Therefore, these point sources likely have a profound influence on the circulation and mixing of the coastal zones where they exist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tidal variability of salinity and velocity fields related to intense point‐source submarine groundwater discharges into the coastal ocean

Valle‐Levinson

Mariño‐Tapia

Enríquez

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

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Velocity and hydrography measurements were used to determine the tidal variability and detailed structure of an intense (< 43,200 m 3 d 21 ) point-source submarine groundwater discharge from a spring located in the coastal ocean of the Yucatá n peninsula, Mexico. Measurements were obtained during a dry season with a combination of towed, profiling, and fixed instrumentation. The goal of these observations was to understand the effects of tides on the velocity and salinity structure of the water column that determine mixing and dispersion processes at spatial scales from meters to kilometers. Tidally averaged flows were characterized by an upward jet flanked by asymmetric downdrafts. The asymmetry was caused by a < 0.1 m s 21 ambient horizontal flow and by the < 40u angle (relative to the vertical) of discharge. The spatially averaged salinity distributions exhibited lowest values at low tides and highest values at high tides. This was attributed to tidal variations of hydrostatic pressure acting on the spring outflow, which allowed , 1 m s 21 vertical flows at low tides and , 0.05 m s 21 vertical velocities at high tides. The vertical momentum balance consisted of upward accelerations produced by buoyancy and inertia from the spring and downward accelerations from gravity. On the basis of this balance and of energetic considerations, the vertical extent of the spring discharge likely depends on the density contrast between ambient and discharge waters (buoyancy forces), the upward speed of the spring (inertia forces), and the depth of the water column (hydrostatic pressure force), all of which vary with tides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tidal variability of salinity and velocity fields related to intense point‐source submarine groundwater discharges into the coastal ocean

Valle‐Levinson

Mariño‐Tapia

Enríquez

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…By mapping sea surface temperatures with a thermal infrared (TIR) sensor, plumes of buoyant low-density (fresh/brackish) groundwater can be detected. Locations of groundwater discharge are inferred from temperature anomalies (either low or high), based on the seasonal contrast between groundwater and ocean temperature (e.g., Varma et al, 2010). Often, TIR observations are used as a guide to target subsequent sampling by quantitative methods (e.g., Mulligan and Charette, 2006;Röper et al, 2014).…”

Section: Detection Of Sgd Sites By Thermal Infrared Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often, TIR observations are used as a guide to target subsequent sampling by quantitative methods (e.g., Mulligan and Charette, 2006;Röper et al, 2014). On large spatial scales (km-scale), readily available space borne remote sensing TIR data can be used to identify large SGD inflows sustaining persistent temperature plumes, e.g., in Geographe Bay, Western Australia (Varma et al, 2010), in Java, Indonesia (Oehler et al, 2018), and along the Irish coast (Wilson and Rocha, 2012). TIR cameras are most often mounted on light aircraft (Duarte et al, 2006;Johnson et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2016a;Bejannin et al, 2017) and more recently on drones (e.g., Lee et al, 2016b) with a typical temperature resolution of 0.1 • C at a spatial resolution down to 0.5 m (e.g., Johnson et al, 2008;Kelly et al, 2013).…”

Section: Detection Of Sgd Sites By Thermal Infrared Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submarine Groundwater Discharge: Updates on Its Measurement Techniques, Geophysical Drivers, Magnitudes, and Effects

Taniguchi

Dulai

Burnett

et al. 2019

Front. Environ. Sci.

175

143

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The number of studies concerning Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) grew quickly as we entered the twenty-first century. Many hydrological and oceanographic processes that drive and influence SGD were identified and characterized during this period. These processes included tidal effects on SGD, water and solute fluxes, biogeochemical transformations through the subterranean estuary, and material transport via SGD from land to sea. Here we compile and summarize the significant progress in SGD assessment methodologies, considering both the terrestrial and marine driving forces, and local as well as global evaluations of groundwater discharge with an emphasis on investigations published over the past decade. Our treatment presents the state-of-the-art progress of SGD studies from geophysical, geochemical, bio-ecological, economic, and cultural perspectives. We identify and summarize remaining research questions, make recommendations for future research directions, and discuss potential future challenges, including impacts of climate change on SGD and improved estimates of the global magnitude of SGD.

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“…However, since we estimated the SGD fluxes based on the Ra isotopes mass balance model, our results may be seen as an overall average of the study area. Moreover, the SGD rates of the LY Lagoon and the XH Lagoon fell into the range of SGD rates around the world (from 0.0175 L m −2 d −1 in Geographe Bay, Western Australia [ Varma et al ., ] to 79,200 L m −2 d −1 in Crescent Beach, Florida [ Swarzenski et al ., ]). In addition, the SGD rate in the LY Lagoon was larger than that in the XH Lagoon, which is most likely due to the high permeability of regional sandy soils and the larger shoreline‐to‐volume ratio around the LY lagoon than those around the XH lagoon [ Compiling Committee of Records of China Bays , ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submarine groundwater discharge into typical tropical lagoons: A case study in eastern Hainan Island, China

Wang

2016

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Assessing submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) into lagoons and bays can be helpful to understand biogeochemical processes, especially nutrient dynamics. In the present paper, radium (Ra) isotopes were used to quantify SGD in two typical tropical lagoons (Laoye Lagoon (LY Lagoon) and Xiaohai Lagoon (XH Lagoon)) of eastern Hainan Island, China. The Ra mass balance model provided evidence that SGD plays an important role in the hydrology of the LY Lagoon and the XH Lagoon, delivering average SGD fluxes of 1.7 × 106 (94 L m−2 d−1) and 1.8 × 106 (41 L m−2 d−1) m3 d−1, respectively. Tidal pumping was one of the important driving forces for SGD fluxes in the LY and the XH Lagoons. Tidal‐driven SGD into the tidal channels of both lagoons can account for approximately 10% of the total SGD flux into the lagoons. In addition, the dissolved inorganic nutrient budgets were reassessed in the LY Lagoon and the XH Lagoon, which showed that SGD was the major source of nutrients entering the LY Lagoon and that the LY Lagoon behaved as a source for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and as a sink for dissolved silicate (DSi). Nutrient loads in the XH Lagoon were mainly derived from riverine inputs and SGD, and the XH Lagoon behaved as a source for DIP, but a sink for DIN and DSi.

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Estimation of submarine groundwater discharge into Geographe Bay, Bunbury, Western Australia

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Tidal variability of salinity and velocity fields related to intense point‐source submarine groundwater discharges into the coastal ocean

Tidal variability of salinity and velocity fields related to intense point‐source submarine groundwater discharges into the coastal ocean

Submarine Groundwater Discharge: Updates on Its Measurement Techniques, Geophysical Drivers, Magnitudes, and Effects

Submarine groundwater discharge into typical tropical lagoons: A case study in eastern Hainan Island, China

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