Estimation of skin impedance models with experimental data and a proposed model for human skin impedance

Bora, Dhruba Jyoti; Dasgupta, Rajdeep

doi:10.1049/iet-syb.2020.0049

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In RC layered models each parallel resistor and capacitor correspond to a distinct layer of skin but do not account for the heterogenicity of skin. To address this issue, the capacitor can be replaced with a CPE, as first reported by Cole in 1940 3,13,25,26 . CPEs model a distribution of capacitive elements, Z Q = (ωC) −n , where n = 1 for a simple capacitance and n = 0.8 for human skin 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using electrocardiogram electrodes to monitor skin impedance spectroscopic response when skin is subjected to sustained static pressure

Owen

Hathaway

Lafferty

et al. 2023

Skin Health and Disease

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Background Impedance spectroscopy is a non‐invasive technique which can be used to monitor skin barrier function, with potential applications in early‐stage pressure ulcer detection. This paper describes how changes in skin impedance, due to mechanical damage of the stratum corneum by tape stripping or applied pressure, can be straightforwardly measured using commercial electrocardiogram electrodes and a relatively low‐cost impedance analyser. Two models of pressure injury were studied, an ex vivo porcine and in vivo human skin model. Objectives Determine whether impedance spectroscopy may have potential utility in measuring the effect on skin of applied pressure on early‐stage pressure injury. Methods Two models were utilized to measure the effect of pressure. Porcine model: 0, 7.5, 15 or 22.5 mmHg of pressure was applied for up to 24 h (N = 4) and monitored at various time intervals. Human Model: 88 mmHg of pressure was applied for four sets of three‐minute intervals (N = 13) and post‐pressure recovery was monitored for 4 h. For each model, skin impedance was monitored at 0.1 Hz–50 kHz using disposable Ag/AgCl electrodes. The data was analysed using Ordinary One‐Way Analysis of Variance. Results Porcine model: after 24 h, the impedance of pressure‐loaded skin was significantly reduced compared to the non‐loaded control group (p ≤ 0.0001); this reduction in impedance was proportional to the degree of mechanical loading. Histology images of skin cross‐sections provided qualitative evidence that the epidermis was structurally compromised by pressure. Human Model: the response of healthy skin to applied pressure displayed inter‐variation. Participants with a significant change in skin impedance (p ≤ 0.01) also demonstrated signs of erythema. Conclusions This study suggests that using impedance spectroscopy to measure skin (stratum corneum) resistance may have utility in giving early warning of skin pressure injury prior to clinical symptoms, with a good correlation between observed erythema and reduction in skin resistance. Further work should be initiated on patients at risk of pressure injury to improve intervention strategies, including in darker skin tones where early‐stage pressure injuries may not be visually distinct.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gradual removal of the highly resistive cells was monitored using skin impedance. Electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes (pre‐gelled Ag/AgCl electrodes) were employed because they have better skin contact than standard dry electrodes and are not associated with resource‐intensive fabrication 3,13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using electrocardiogram electrodes to monitor skin impedance spectroscopic response when skin is subjected to sustained static pressure

Owen

Hathaway

Lafferty

et al. 2023

Skin Health and Disease

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“…5) for subsequent battery pack design. The load impedance is dynamic as a function of applied current and time, reflecting nonlinear processes at the interface electrode (16) and skin (17, 18). Batteries do not provide constant current and their internal voltage/impedance is a nonlinear function of current draw; this creates a complex interdependence between source and load.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy

FallahRad,

Chaudhry,

Belali Koochesfahani

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We design and validate a novel electrotherapy platform, without any electronic components, using printed abundant environmentally-benign materials. Whereas existing electrotherapy devices use an independent power source and electronics to generate and control stimulation currents, our design eliminates the need for these components, reducing manufacturing complexity and costs. Our novel platform relies only on scalable manufacturing and environmentally-benign common materials. The disposable single-use platform is activated simply by placement on the body. A prescribed electrotherapy discharge is regulated by a novel electrochemical architecture. Production is scalable by relying only on additive manufacturing and low-cost materials, and tailored to any application in a flexible package (as discreet as adhesive bandages). The single-dose nature of this platform is a categorical shift from existing approaches with durable equipment that require programming and assembly to disposable electrodes for each use. Our Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy technology can be distributed like pharmacotherapy, with indications spanning neuromodulation of brain disorders, aesthetics, wound healing, transcutaneous drug delivery, and bioelectronic medicine.

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“…To verify the effectiveness of BFO-PSO-VMD-LMS-BPNN in this paper, the human equivalent circuit model of H. Freiberger was firstly constructed in MATLAB/Simulink platform for human electrocution simulation experiments [ 25 , 26 ], and the equivalent circuit diagram is shown in Fig 3 .…”

Section: Improved Vmd-bpnn Detection Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual current detection method based on improved VMD-BPNN

Bai,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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To further enhance the residual current detection capability of low-voltage distribution networks, an improved adaptive residual current detection method that combines variational modal decomposition (VMD) and BP neural network (BPNN) is proposed. Firstly, the method employs the envelope entropy as the adaptability function, optimizes the [k, ɑ] combination value of the VMD decomposition using the bacterial foraging-particle swarm algorithm (BFO-PSO), and utilizes the interrelation number R as the classification index with the Least Mean Square Algorithm (LMS) to classify, filter, and extract the effective signal from the decomposed signal. Then, the extracted signals are detected by BPNN, and the training data are utilized to predict the residual current signals. Simulation and experimental data demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits strong robustness and high detection accuracy. With an ambient noise of 10dB, the signal-to-noise ratio is 16.3108dB, the RMSE is 0.4359, and the goodness-of-fit is 0.9627 after processing by the algorithm presented in this paper, which are superior to the Variational Modal Decomposition-Long Short-Term Memory (VMD-LSTM) and Normalized-Least Mean Square (N-LMS) detection methods. The results were also statistically analyzed in conjunction with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, which demonstrated significance at the experimental data level, indicating the high accuracy of the algorithms presented in this paper and providing a certain reference for new residual current protection devices for biological body electrocution.

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Estimation of skin impedance models with experimental data and a proposed model for human skin impedance

Cited by 19 publications

References 47 publications

Using electrocardiogram electrodes to monitor skin impedance spectroscopic response when skin is subjected to sustained static pressure

Using electrocardiogram electrodes to monitor skin impedance spectroscopic response when skin is subjected to sustained static pressure

Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy

Residual current detection method based on improved VMD-BPNN

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