Estimation of short-duration rainfall intensity from daily rainfall values in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Abstract

Data on intensity-duration-frequency or design rainfall are one of the most important information required for various hydrological and water resources studies. However, such crucial data are often unavailable in various parts of the world due to lack of enough rain gauging stations. It is not only tedious to determine design rainfall from the raw data but also occasionally impossible to calculate due to lack or absence of short-duration rainfall data. Generally, the manual rain gauges outnumber the automatic gauges, making it difficult to have adequate data on short-duration rainfall values, which is very important for urban hydrology. However, no graphical or mathematical relation could be found in the literature, which can be used for quick estimation of short-duration design rainfall from the daily rainfall data recorded by the manual stations. Annual maximum rainfall data from 143 rain gauging stations located at Klang Valley in Malaysia were used in this study. Statistical analyses and logarithmic graph fitting techniques were used to develop excellent correlation between short-duration rainfall and daily rainfall values for 96 automatic and 46 manual stations. Rainfall data analyze the design rainfall data of various duration and return periods. The 15, 30 and 45 min of short-duration rainfall, which is the most common rainfall duration in the study area, was observed to be 32.4%, 47.1% and 57.4% of the daily rainfall amount, respectively. The amount of rainfall during 1-, 2-and 3-h storm events contribute 64.9%, 76.5% and 80.9% of the daily rainfall. Such relations can be used for quick estimation of short-duration rainfall resulting in saving time, money and other resources.

Establishment of Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Equations and Curves Used to Design an Appropriate and Sustainable Hydraulic Structure for Controlling Flood in Nyabugogo Catchment-Rwanda

“…Flood measures should be taken before and any hydraulic structures should be designed well with referring to these results. The same results are stated by [29,30,42], they showed that the intensity increases with an increase of precipitation.…”

“…The precipitation of any duration near to 2 hours should be determined by applying both equations and the higher value should be established for determining rainfall value. SDR data of the close to automatic meteorological station were checked out for testing the output design graphs [42].…”

Estimation of Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) Curves from Large Scale Atmospheric Dataset by Statistical Downscaling

“…The shorter duration annual maximum rainfalls are non-linearly proportional to the annual maximum 24-hour rainfall's height [60]. The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) uses an empirical formula (Equation 4) to estimate the empirical ratios of short-duration rainfalls to 24-hour rainfall if the observations do not exist [61]. Chowdhury et al [62] and Jahnvi et al [63] used Eq.…”

Regional frequency analysis of annual daily rainfall maxima in Skåne, Sweden

“…The use of simple/multiple linear regression (MLR) model to estimate the extreme quantiles at gauges/ungauged sites is commonly traced in the literature (see e.g., Al Mamun et al . 2018; Hussain et al . 2017; Modarres 2008; Um et al .…”

“…Therefore, further modelling is required to estimate the index rainfall at ungauged sites in the region (Hosking and Wallis, 1997). The use of simple/multiple linear regression (MLR) model to estimate the extreme quantiles at gauges/ungauged sites is commonly traced in the literature (see e.g., Al Mamun et al 2018;Hussain et al 2017;Modarres 2008;Um et al 2010;Naoum and Tsanis 2004b;Hailegeorgis and Alfredsen 2017). To estimate the flood quantiles at ungauged sites, Desai and Ouarda (2021) have utilized random forest (RF) regression.…”