Estimation of sea surface temperatures from two infrared window measurements with different absorption

McMillin, Larry M.

doi:10.1029/jc080i036p05113

Cited by 465 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

194

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…McMillin, 1975) can obscure the ash signal, an effect implicit in Prata (1989b), and shown for a Pinatubo eruption in Potts (1993). The effect can usually be detected using scatter diagram analysis , which Darwin VAAC performs in real-time operations.…”

Section: Analysis Of Ir and Visible Imagerymentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of volcanic cloud detection techniques during recent significant eruptions in the western ‘Ring of Fire’

Tupper

Carn

Davey

et al. 2004

Remote Sensing of Environment

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We examined recent volcanic cloud events in the Western Pacific and Indonesian area, to validate the performance of remote sensing techniques used to support the International Airways Volcano Watch (IAVW). Five events were considered, during which eruptions from eight volcanoes injected ash into the upper troposphere or lower stratosphere. For one of the eruptions, at Miyakejima, Japan, at least five aircraft encountered volcanic ash clouds, and the cost to three operators alone exceeded US $12,000,000 in aircraft repairs, diversions, and lost operating time. We performed 'reverse' absorption and 'pattern analysis' using GMS-5/VISSR, MODIS and AVHRR data, and we examined TOMS SO 2 and Aerosol Index data, surface-based observations, pilot reports, and dispersion model output. Our results verify that the introduction of 'reverse' absorption using the geostationary GMS-5 platform significantly enhanced our capacity to monitor volcanic ash clouds in the region. In one case, we tracked an eruption cloud for approximately 80 hours. The primary impediment to remote monitoring is the presence of overlying cloud, or substantial amounts of ice within the volcanic clouds. TOMS data showed success in identifying volcanic clouds during these conditions, but was limited by the infrequency of observations. More effective future operation of the IAVW relies on developing complementary methods of volcanic cloud remote sensing, and greatly increasing the amount and quality of available surface and air observations, including observations of precursor activity. An understanding of the likely future limitations of remote sensing techniques will aid in the refining of IAVW procedures.

show abstract

Section: Analysis Of Ir and Visible Imagerymentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of volcanic cloud detection techniques during recent significant eruptions in the western ‘Ring of Fire’

Tupper

Carn

Davey

et al. 2004

Remote Sensing of Environment

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Clearly, these advantages are partially offset by the limited precision of the result due to the approximations introduced to simplify the procedure and reduce the computation time. Nevertheless, all the algorithms of this kind, like Split Window (Prabhakara et al, 1974;McMillin, 1975;Price, 1984), Dual Band (Crisp and Baloga, 1990;Dozier, 1981), and NDVI (Rouse et al, 1973;Roderick et al, 1996), were founded on this differential basis, and their widespread use is due to their simplicity, user friendliness, and speed. The novel VPR procedure presented here was designed with the aim of providing an easier, faster, but nevertheless reliable simultaneous assessment of volcanic ash and SO 2 columnar quantities.…”

Section: The Volcanic Plume Removal Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new simplified approach for simultaneous retrieval of SO<sub>2</sub> and ash content of tropospheric volcanic clouds: an application to the Mt Etna volcano

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. A new procedure is presented for simultaneous estimation of SO2 and ash abundance in a volcanic plume, using thermal infrared (TIR) MODIS data. Plume altitude and temperature are the only two input parameters required to run the procedure, while surface emissivity, temperature, atmospheric profiles, ash optical properties, and radiative transfer models are not necessary to perform the atmospheric corrections. The procedure gives the most reliable results when the surface under the plume is uniform, for example above the ocean, but still produces fairly good estimates in more challenging and not easily modelled conditions, such as above land or meteorological cloud layers. The developed approach was tested on the Etna volcano. By linearly interpolating the radiances surrounding a detected volcanic plume, the volcanic plume removal (VPR) procedure described here computes the radiances that would have been measured by the sensor in the absence of a plume, and reconstructs a new image without plume. The new image and the original data allow computation of plume transmittance in the TIR-MODIS bands 29, 31, and 32 (8.6, 11.0 and 12.0 μm) by applying a simplified model consisting of a uniform plume at a fixed altitude and temperature. The transmittances are then refined with a polynomial relationship obtained by means of MODTRAN simulations adapted for the geographical region, ash type, and atmospheric profiles. Bands 31 and 32 are SO2 transparent and, from their transmittances, the effective ash particle radius (Re), and aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (AOD550) are computed. A simple relation between the ash transmittances of bands 31 and 29 is demonstrated and used for SO2 columnar content (cs) estimation. Comparing the results of the VPR procedure with MODTRAN simulations for more than 200 000 different cases, the frequency distribution of the differences shows the following: the Re error is less than ±0.5 μm in more than 60% of cases; the AOD550 error is less than ±0.125 in 80% of cases; the cs error is less than ±0.5 g m−2 in more than 60% of considered cases. The VPR procedure was applied in two case studies of recent eruptions occurring at the Mt Etna volcano, Italy, and successfully compared with the results obtained from the established SO2 and ash assessments based on look-up tables (LUTs). Assessment of the sensitivity to the plume altitude uncertainty is also made. The VPR procedure is simple, extremely fast, and can be adapted to other ash types and different volcanoes.

show abstract

“…Most methods of land surface temperature (LST) retrieval assume that the earth's surface is Lambertian. For example, a mono-window algorithm retrieves LST from Landsat Thematic Mapper data [1]; the single-channel method uses the radiance measured by a satellite sensor in a single channel [2]; split-window algorithms retrieve LST from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-advanced very high resolution radiometer data [3]; linear split-window algorithms express the LST as a simple linear combination of the two brightness temperatures measured in two thermal infrared (TIR) channels [4]; and the improved mono-window algorithm for land surface temperatures is based on Landsat 8 thermal infrared sensor data [5]. However, whether the land surface is Lambertian in thermal infrared regions has not yet been confirmed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the Lambertian Property of Ground Surfaces in the Thermal Infrared Region via Field Experiments

Qin

Yang

et al. 2017

Remote Sensing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Lambertian surfaces represent an important assumption when constructing thermal radiance transfer equations for remote sensing observations of ground surface temperatures. We identify the properties of ground surfaces in thermal infrared regions as Lambertian surfaces via field experiments. Because Lambertian surfaces present homogeneous thermal emissions levels in hemispheric directions for a specific ground surface under specific kinetic temperatures and emissions, we conducted a series of field experiments to illustrate the properties of such ground surfaces. Four typical ground surfaces were selected for the experiments to observe thermal emissions: bare soil, grass, water, and concrete. Radiance thermometers were used to observe ground emissions from seven directions: 30 • , 45 • , 60 • , 90 • , 120 • , 135 • , and 150 • . Solar zenith angles were considered for the observation of ground emissions. Experiments were conducted in five different regions of China (Beijing, Nanjing, Xilinguole, Yongzhou, and Jiangmen) during both daytime and nighttime. To determine whether different observation angles have significantly different effects on radiance, statistical analyses (ANOVA and Friedman test) were conducted. Post hoc multiple comparison tests and pairwise multiple comparisons were also conducted to examine the various pairings of observation angles and to measure the radiance differences. Roughly half of the radiance groups of all observed sites were tested via an ANOVA, and the remaining groups with unequal variances were subjected to the Friedman test. The results indicate that statistically significant differences in the radiance levels occurred among the seven angles for almost all of the sites (39 of the 40 groups). The results of our experiments indicate that the selected ground surfaces, especially the grass and the bare soil, may not behave with Lambertian properties in the thermal infrared region. This is probably attributed to the roughness of the selected surface, because we found that roughness is an important factor affecting the observed magnitude of thermal emission from different directions of the ground surface under study. Therefore, whether or not a terrestrial surface can be assumed to be a Lambertian surface should be based on their geometric structure. When the surface is relatively smooth, we can say that it is close to the Lambertian property in thermal emission.

show abstract

Estimation of sea surface temperatures from two infrared window measurements with different absorption

Cited by 465 publications

References 8 publications

An evaluation of volcanic cloud detection techniques during recent significant eruptions in the western ‘Ring of Fire’

An evaluation of volcanic cloud detection techniques during recent significant eruptions in the western ‘Ring of Fire’

A new simplified approach for simultaneous retrieval of SO<sub>2</sub> and ash content of tropospheric volcanic clouds: an application to the Mt Etna volcano

Identifying the Lambertian Property of Ground Surfaces in the Thermal Infrared Region via Field Experiments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Estimation of sea surface temperatures from two infrared window measurements with different absorption

Cited by 465 publications

References 8 publications

An evaluation of volcanic cloud detection techniques during recent significant eruptions in the western ‘Ring of Fire’

An evaluation of volcanic cloud detection techniques during recent significant eruptions in the western ‘Ring of Fire’

A new simplified approach for simultaneous retrieval of SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and ash content of tropospheric volcanic clouds: an application to the Mt Etna volcano

Identifying the Lambertian Property of Ground Surfaces in the Thermal Infrared Region via Field Experiments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A new simplified approach for simultaneous retrieval of SO<sub>2</sub> and ash content of tropospheric volcanic clouds: an application to the Mt Etna volcano