Estimation of Salivary and Serum Biomarkers in Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients - A Comparative Study

Ladgotra, Amit; Verma, Pradhuman; Raj, Seetharamaiah Sunder

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2016/19135.7995

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…High salivary glucose level enhanced the possibility of oral infections, dental caries and improper wound healing. In addition, Ladgotra et al [ 38 ], in their study on 120 adult human subjects, reported that diabetes increased glucose, calcium and phosphorus in saliva and reduced total salivary protein levels as result of hyperglycemia which directs protein utilization in other metabolic reactions. They recorded reduction of the level of salivary globulin, due to limited filtration of immunoglobulins down into the saliva compared with increase serum albumin leakage into the saliva, suggesting the possibility of low grade sialadenitis as a complication of diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal changes in the development of rat submandibular glands in offspring of diabetic mothers: Biochemical, histological and ultrastructural study

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Development and maturation of submandibular salivary glands are influenced by intrauterine diabetic environment. Several studies investigated the effects of diabetes on the salivary glands. However, the effects of maternal diabetes on the submandibular glands of the offspring was not properly examined. Therefore, the present study was designed to describe the changes in the development of the submandibular glands of the offspring of diabetic mothers. The submandibular glands of the offspring of Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic female rats were examined at two and four weeks after birth. Detection of mRNA demonstrated that maternal diabetes affects the level of different indicators. The reduction of expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF); a protein mitogen, cytokeratin 5 (CK5); an epithelial cell progenitor, CK7 and aquaporin 5 (AQP5); differentiation markers and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2); an antiapoptotic marker were found. Increase in Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax); an apoptotic marker was detected. These changes indicate their effects on saliva secretion, glands tumorigenesis, growth of normal oral flora and oral microbes, with decreased protein synthesis and production of xerostomia and dental caries. Loss of normal glandular architecture, significant increase in fibrosis, by the detection of collagen fibers, and stagnation of secretory granules were found with atrophic changes in the acinar cells. Marked defect of polysaccharides in the acinar cells, denoting functional changes, was manifested by significant reduction of the intensity of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction. The positive immunoreactivity of caspase-3, denoting cellular apoptosis, and minimal reaction of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α SMA) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were evident in the offspring of diabetic mothers. We conclude that maternal diabetes produces degenerative effects in the structure and function of the submandibular salivary glands of the offspring, reflecting possible influences on their secretory activity affecting oral and digestive health.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal changes in the development of rat submandibular glands in offspring of diabetic mothers: Biochemical, histological and ultrastructural study

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The main reason behind the presence of glucose in the saliva is due to its diffusion through semipermeable membrane 15 . Also, the glucose transportation to saliva after changes in the salivary gland basement membrane is also considered as the possible cause 24,25 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2019

IJPSR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diabetes is a non-communicable disease characterized by increased blood glucose. As regular monitoring of glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in diabetic individual's blood causes psychological stress, development of a non-invasive technique to quantify glucose and HbA1c are essential. This study was carried out to compare and correlate the blood and salivary glucose and blood HbA1c levels in diabetic individuals. Results showed that mean blood and saliva glucose levels were higher in the uncontrolled diabetic group than controlled diabetic and control groups. Blood HbA1c level was also elevated in uncontrolled type-2 diabetes (T2D) group, followed by controlled diabetic and control groups. A significant difference was noticed between the blood and saliva glucose levels of control and uncontrolled T2D groups. Further, the difference in serum HbA1C levels between control, controlled T2D, and uncontrolled T2D groups was also significant. Taken together, these results explicated the use of saliva as a non-invasive, painless technique in the management of T2D patients.

show abstract

“…Previously reported studies concluded the different biomarkers for diabetes detection in early stages. A recently-reported study saw a marked alteration in levels of salivary glucose, amylase, calcium, and phosphorus in comparison to serum from diabetic and non-diabetic patients [32], as seen in Table 1 below.…”

Section: Saliva In the Diagnosis Of Oral And Systemic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Advancing Point-of-Care (PoC) Testing Using Human Saliva as Liquid Biopsy

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salivary diagnostics is an emerging field for the encroachment of point of care technology (PoCT). The necessity of the development of point-of-care (PoC) technology, the potential of saliva, identification and validation of biomarkers through salivary diagnostic toolboxes, and a broad overview of emerging technologies is discussed in this review. Furthermore, novel advanced techniques incorporated in devices for the early detection and diagnosis of several oral and systemic diseases in a non-invasive, easily-monitored, less time consuming, and in a personalised way is explicated. The latest technology detection systems and clinical utilities of saliva as a liquid biopsy, electric field-induced release and measurement (EFIRM), biosensors, smartphone technology, microfluidics, paper-based technology, and how their futuristic perspectives can improve salivary diagnostics and reduce hospital stays by replacing it with chairside screening is also highlighted.

show abstract

Estimation of Salivary and Serum Biomarkers in Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients - A Comparative Study

Cited by 35 publications

References 25 publications

Postnatal changes in the development of rat submandibular glands in offspring of diabetic mothers: Biochemical, histological and ultrastructural study

Postnatal changes in the development of rat submandibular glands in offspring of diabetic mothers: Biochemical, histological and ultrastructural study

Untitled

Advancing Point-of-Care (PoC) Testing Using Human Saliva as Liquid Biopsy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About