Estimation of safety distances in the vicinity of fuel gas pipelines

Sklavounos, Spyros; Rigas, Fotis

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2005.05.002

Cited by 112 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The results from this study is also compared with VSL for Malaysian motorists (Yusof et al, 2011) but it shows some contradiction as the field of study is dissimilar. The used of ALOHA to estimate damage area is compared with safety distances method by Sklavounos and Rigas (2006) but it had limitation in generating severity layer from the explosion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison Study on Human Health and Safety Loss for Rural and Urban Areas in Monetary Value Subjected to Gas Pipeline Failure

Hanafiah

Zardasti²,

Yahaya³

et al. 2015

J. of Environmental Science and Technology

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Consequence assessment is an integral part of the risk assessment process carried out by the industry to minimize impact of assets failure on the environment, human safety, assets integrity and business reputation. A few components of consequences loss occur due to the pipeline failure, such as asset loss, environmental loss, production loss, public loss and Human Health and Safety Loss (HHSL). This study focuses on HHSL by considering the losses in term of monetary value between rural and urban areas due to pipeline failure. Based on the current technical standard practiced in the industry, the calculated consequences are speculated to generate an equal risk value to any area of the pipeline throughout the country, regardless of the areas unique local factors and consequences. Hence, this would lead to the deterioration in the quality of the estimated risk. As for the damaged area, Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) software was employed in the calculation of risk by considering the pipeline data and the details of selected sites such as atmospheric and demographic condition. The HHSL was calculated using a developed mathematical equation of quantitative risk assessment in terms of the number of fatalities or injuries or both in monetary value. The results of the assessments from rural and urban areas were then compared with one another to identify the occurrence of any significant dissimilarity. The major finding of this research showed that there is a possibility to enhance the decisive value of risk by implementing the proposed approach of HHSL estimation for consequence assessment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison Study on Human Health and Safety Loss for Rural and Urban Areas in Monetary Value Subjected to Gas Pipeline Failure

Hanafiah

Zardasti²,

Yahaya³

et al. 2015

J. of Environmental Science and Technology

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“…For example, for technical issues related to a natural gas pipeline system, extremely important characteristics include the diameter of the pipe, gas pressure, age of the pipe, characteristics of the soil, composition of the pipe material, the corrosion protection used, etc. These factors along the sections (alternatives) impact on the variation in failure rates and the consequences of accidental releases of natural gas from the pipeline (Jo and Ahn 2002;Jo and Ahn 2005;Sklavounos and Rigas 2006;Jo and Crowl 2008;Brito and de Almeida 2009;Garcez et al 2010;Brito et al 2010) Regarding environmental dimension, characteristics that could be considered include the type of the surrounding vegetation, the presence of wildlife exposed to risk, the importance degree of the environment, environmental impact, etc. As to the human dimension, characteristics that should be considered include land use, population density and community type.…”

Section: Defining and Selecting Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional Risk Analysis

Almeida

Cavalcante

Alencar

et al. 2015

International Series in Operations Research &Amp; Management Science

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Accidents involve critical consequences that require an appropriate and efficient form of risk management. A multidimensional risk analysis allows a broader view. MCDM/A approaches enable more consistent decision-making, taking into account the DM's rationality (compensatory or non-compensatory), DM's behavior regarding risk (prone, neutral or averse) and the uncertainties inherent in the risk context. This chapter presents numerical applications illustrating the use of multicriteria models in two different contexts: a natural gas pipeline and an underground electricity distribution system. Two different MCDM/A approaches are considered: MAUT (Multiattribute Utility Theory) and the ELECTRE TRI outranking method. In the numerical applications, MCDM/A approach steps for building decision models are presented: identifying hazard scenarios, estimating the set of payoffs, eliciting the MAU function (Multi-attribute Utility function), computing the probability function of consequences and estimating multidimensional risk. Loss functions are introduced in the models to calculate the probability distribution functions over the multiple criteria such as impact on humans, and environmental and financial losses. Therefore, Decision Theory concepts are applied to estimate risk in industrial plants and modes of transportation. Finally, other decision problems related to multidimensional risk analysis, using MCDM/A, are considered in different contexts, such as: power electricity systems, natural hazards, risk analysis on counter-terrorism, nuclear power plant. Justifying the Use of the Multidimensional RiskThe perceived level of risk is directly linked to the perceived intensity of consequences to people and society as well as to issues related to the level of probability. These consequences are multidimensional and are associated to the objectives, represented by criteria and can be approached with an MCDM/A or a multiobjective method (see Chap. 2). Many studies show that using a single dimension of risk may not be realistic (Morgan et al.

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“…Yuhu et al [8] presented three mathematical models to predict discharge rate for three different subsonic, sonic and supersonic cases. In subsequent studies [9,10], by using real gas equation of states (EOSs), improved analytical models were developed which determined discharge rate and velocity field with more accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical study of heat and mass transfer in underexpanded sonic free jet

Adibi¹,

Farhanieh²,

Afshin³

2017

IJHT

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In case of unexpected ruptures in high pressure tanks, choking phenomenon occurs in the cracked area which fluid velocity gets sonic and its pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure. Afterward, pressure of discharged gas quickly changes by crossing through compression and expansion shock waves. The main aim of this study was numerical simulation and investigation of this flow in a 3-step process: (a) Detailed analysis of numerical method, (b) Qualitative and quantitative analysis of velocity, pressure, temperature and turbulence intensity, in order to propose safety strategies and (c) parametric studies on the effects of tank pressure and nozzle geometry on flow structure. In numerical simulations, governing equations (conservation of mass, momentum, energy and equation of state) were discretized based on the finite volume method and flow variables (velocity, pressure, temperature and density) were calculated using density-based algorithm. Validation of numerical method was achieved by comparison with experimental data. The results showed that within 4.4 mm of cracked area, fluid temperature reached to its minimum value of 86 K which would freeze nearby equipment and would make them fragile. Also, parametric studies indicated that inlet pressure had direct relation with exhausted mass flow rate and its maximum occurred in nozzle angle of 3.82 o .

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Estimation of safety distances in the vicinity of fuel gas pipelines

Cited by 112 publications

References 13 publications

Comparison Study on Human Health and Safety Loss for Rural and Urban Areas in Monetary Value Subjected to Gas Pipeline Failure

Comparison Study on Human Health and Safety Loss for Rural and Urban Areas in Monetary Value Subjected to Gas Pipeline Failure

Multidimensional Risk Analysis

Numerical study of heat and mass transfer in underexpanded sonic free jet

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