Estimation of Rural Households’ Willingness to Accept Two PES Programs and Their Service Valuation in the Miyun Reservoir Catchment, China

Abstract

Abstract:As the only surface water source for Beijing, the Miyun Reservoir and its catchment (MRC) are a focus for concern about the degradation of ecosystem services (ES) unless appropriate payments for ecosystem services (PES) are in place. This study used the contingent valuation method (CVM) to estimate the costs of two new PES programs, for agriculture and forestry, and to further calculate the economic value of ES in the MRC from the perspective of local rural households' willingness to accept (WTA). The results of Logit model including WTA and the variables of household and village indicate that the local socio-economic context has complex effects on the WTA of rural households. In particular, the bid amount, location and proportion of off-farm employment would have significant positive effects on the local WTA. In contrast, the insignificance of the PES participation variable suggests that previous PES program experiences may negatively impact subsequent program participation. The mean WTA payments for agriculture and forestry PES programs were estimated as 8531 and 8187 yuan/ha/year, respectively. These results consistently explain the differentiated opportunity costs on both farmland and forestry land. Meanwhile, the differentiated WTA values in Beijing vs. the surrounding Hebei Province follow the interest differences and development gaps between jurisdictions. Finally, the total economic value of ES in the MRC area was estimated at 11.1 billion yuan/year). The rational economic value of ES for the restoration priority areas reaches 515.2 million yuan/year. For the existing budget gap (299 million yuan/year), the study proposed that decision makers increase the water tariff by 0.08 yuan to raise the funds needed. The study also concluded that these results are not only financially and politically feasible but also cost-effective. This study has policy implications for improving the implementation efficiency and providing quantified supports for PES programs in megacity source water area.

Risk assessment of forest landscape degradation using Bayesian network modeling in the Miyun Reservoir catchment (China) with emphasis on the Beijing–Tianjin sandstorm source control program

“…The lower occurrence rates suggest that the CR and BU disturbances have received effective controls due to the extremely stringent water source protection policies in the area over the last decade (Li, Yang, et al, ). However, the more severe risk of soil erosion relative to other disturbance sources reflects that the soil conservation service was still being degraded, though the BTSSC program significantly increased forest quantity during the period.…”

“…In terms of the spatial distribution for risk areas, we found that the majority of high risk areas are located in the upstream Hebei area, which was mainly caused by the different development interests between jurisdictions. In the upstream area, local rural households became more reliant on forest resources due to limited off‐farm income sources (Li, Yang, et al, ). Thus, the following FLR efforts should be focused within this area.…”

“…However, due to various natural and anthropogenic disturbances, the challenge of FLD shown as declines in ecosystem services related to water is still occurring within the Miyun Reservoir catchment (MRC) area (Zheng et al, ). As such, since 2000, a number of FLR policies and program efforts have been made to ensure ecosystem services in the area (Li, Yang, Zhang, Liu, & Zhang, ).…”

Willingness to Accept of Adopting Sustainable Terubok Fisheries in Sarawak by Using Contingent Valuation Method

“…The fishers' monthly income affects the WTA amount positively which is align with the theory. However, the insignificant results on the income that will influence WTA of the fishers may be because the incentive payments are too small compared to the fisherman household average monthly income (Li, Yang, Zhang, Liu & Zhang, 2018). The fisherman with higher income has a greater management capacity (Zhibenden & Lee, 2005).…”

Diffusing Entrepreneurial Innovation and Tourism: An Empirical Evidence of Permaculture

“…The WTA and WTCT analysis is preceded by a mind-setting of the respondents using a survey that follows the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) (Cao et al, 2012). CVM effectively values non-market nature goods (Cao et al, 2012;Li et al, 2018;Xiong & Kong, 2017;Wang et al, 2016) and eliciting people's preference on non-market goods. It uses a survey-based methodology with an appropriately designed questionnaire in order to describe a hypothetical market.…”