Estimation of Radio Ray Attenuation in Convective Rainfalls

Dutton, E. J.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1967)006<0662:eorrai>2.0.co;2

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In each of the common atomic and molecular gases, 01 has been measured by many workers (see review by Dutton 1967). However, values for D r / p have only been obtained previously for low E/N because the experimental method and analysis of both Townsend (1948) and Huxley (1959) did not allow for the presence of secondary electrons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ratio of radial diffusion coefficient to mobility for electrons in helium, argon, air, methane and nitric oxide

Lakshminarasimha

Lucas

1977

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ratio of radial diffusion coefficient to mobility for electrons in helium, argon, air, methane and nitric oxide

Lakshminarasimha

Lucas

1977

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…First, in the DD model for percentiles below 0.01%, it is understood that all rainfall is convective in nature. Thus only the convective model for rainfall [Dutton, 1967] Since B is generally of the order of about 1 km, (15) implies that ro is at least 10 times larger than B. This is our justification for the use of (14), which can be readily integrated.…”

Section: Extension Using a Constant Probability Modification Factor mentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved model for earth‐space microwave attenuation distribution prediction

Dutton¹,

Kobayashi²,

Dougherty³

1982

Radio Science

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The Dutton‐Dougherty (DD) model for predicting microwave attenuation distribution on an annual basis on earth‐space telecommunications links was first developed at the Institute for Telecommunication Sciences in 1973. The version for making predictions throughout the United States, with year‐to‐year variability allowance, was developed in 1977 and had been essentially unmodified until the present improvement efforts were undertaken. The refinements of the Dutton‐Dougherty model discussed in this paper include an extension of the attenuation distribution prediction range to 0.001% of a year, whereas it had previously extended only to 0.01% of a year. This extension is accomplished in two alternative ways: empirically and analytically. Both extension procedures give nearly identical prediction results. An analysis is conducted of the pertinency of ‘effective path length’ models for evaluating rain attenuation at microwave frequencies to the DD model. It is determined that whereas effective path length methodologies may be useful in their own right, it would be difficult and unwieldy to incorporate this concept into the DD model, at present.

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“…The basics of microwave attenuation by rain have already been discussed by many authors, e.g. Atlas and Banks (1951), Hitschfeld and Bordan (1954), Gunn and East (1954), Wexler and Atlas (1963), Dutton (1967) and Atlas and Ulbrich (1977), to mention the earliest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of high-resolution X-band weather radar networks – the PATTERN example

Lengfeld¹,

Clemens²,

Münster

et al. 2014

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. This publication intends to prove that a network of low-cost local area weather radars (LAWR) is a reliable and scientifically valuable complement to nationwide radar networks. A network of four LAWRs has been installed in northern Germany within the framework of the Precipitation and Attenuation Estimates from a High-Resolution Weather Radar Network (PATTERN) project observing precipitation with a temporal resolution of 30 s, a range resolution of 60 m and a sampling resolution of 1 • in the azimuthal direction. The network covers an area of 60 km × 80 km. In this paper, algorithms used to obtain undisturbed precipitation fields from raw reflectivity data are described, and their performance is analysed. In order to correct operationally for background noise in reflectivity measurements, noise level estimates from the measured reflectivity field are combined with noise levels from the last 10 time steps. For detection of non-meteorological echoes, two different kinds of clutter algorithms are applied: single-radar algorithms and networkbased algorithms. Besides well-established algorithms based on the texture of the logarithmic reflectivity field (TDBZ) or sign changes in the reflectivity gradient (SPIN), the advantage of the unique features of the high temporal and spatial resolution of the network is used for clutter detection. Overall, the network-based clutter algorithm works best with a detection rate of up to 70 %, followed by the classic TDBZ filter using the texture of the logarithmic reflectivity field.A comparison of a reflectivity field from the PATTERN network with the product from a C-band radar operated by the German Meteorological Service indicates high spatial accordance of both systems in the geographical position of the rain event as well as reflectivity maxima. Long-term statistics from May to September 2013 prove very good accordance of the X-band radar of the network with C-band radar, but, especially at the border of precipitation events, higher-resolved X-band radar measurements provide more detailed information on precipitation structure because the 1 km range gate of C-band radars is only partially covered with rain. The standard deviation within a range gate of the C-band radar with a range resolution of 1 km is up to 3 dBZ at the borders of rain events. The probability of detection is at least 90 %, the false alarm ratio less than 10 % for both systems. Therefore, a network of high-resolution low-cost LAWRs can give valuable information on the small-scale structure of rain events in areas of special interest, e.g. urban regions, in addition to the nationwide radar networks.

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Estimation of Radio Ray Attenuation in Convective Rainfalls

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

The ratio of radial diffusion coefficient to mobility for electrons in helium, argon, air, methane and nitric oxide

The ratio of radial diffusion coefficient to mobility for electrons in helium, argon, air, methane and nitric oxide

An improved model for earth‐space microwave attenuation distribution prediction

Performance of high-resolution X-band weather radar networks – the PATTERN example

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