Artisanal fishers, fishing in nearshore coastal waters off Visakhapatnam using motorized crafts and in estuaries of Krishna using non-motorized crafts were selected for the study. Their annual net operating income varied between US$ 520.53 and US$ 2990.93, respectively. Inspired by the potential of cage farming from the frontline demonstrations in marine and estuarine waters, and after acquiring appropriate skills, 15 individuals from the Traditional Fishermen’s Co-operative Society, Visakhapatnam and 76 individuals from Yanadri Girijana Matsya Sakhara Sangam, Krishna embarked on cage aquaculture of Indian pompano in 15 and 70 cages. Marine cages were circular (6 m diameter) and estuarine cages were square (5 m X 5 m), and were stocked with hatchery-produced Indian pompano (Trachinotus mookalee) fingerlings of 22.6 g weight @ 2500 and 1500 numbers respectively, and were fed with floating pellets at 8 − 3% of biomass. Average body weight, survival and production from marine and estuarine cages were 843 g and 666 g, 96.28% and 91.47%, and 2029.0 kg and 913.85 kg respectively. Deducting all capital and operational expenses, annual net operating income per unit ranged from US$ 1383 to US$ 2917; which represented an improvement from that of capture-fishing. Cluster-cage farming, as adopted, did not adversely impact the water and sediment quality. Present study, provides virgin knowledge on bio-growth and economic parameters for commercial cage farming of Indian pompano, and when vigilantly replicated for marine and estuarine tropical waters offers immense promise as diversified or additional livelihood option for artisanal fishers in ensuring their economic sustainability.