Estimation of photonic band gap in the hollow core cylindrical multilayer structure

An optofluidic Bragg fiber sensor for estimating adulterants in a temperature-dependent molar fraction of hydrated mono-alcohol fuels

“…Theoretical and mathematical modeling of the above-mentioned HCBF structure in cylindrical coordinates using TMM and Henkel formalism has been provided. The following is the refractive index profile of several layers of the HCBF structure used in this framework: The cylindrical wave TMT [24] , [25] may be used to create the above-specified HCBF structure solution to reflection and transmission. For a substrate with permeability μ and permittivity ϵ , the below Maxwell equations (2) - (3) [31] , [32] are stated as: The relationship among the longitudinal and transverse segments of the electric and magnetic fields is specified in the system of cylindrical coordinates [31] , [32] , assuming that all fields have the same temporal aspect .…”

“…The Helmholtz wave equations (4) - (5) are expressed as follows in the cylindrical coordinate system [31] , [32] : The aforementioned differential equations may be solved using the variable segregation procedure. The Maxwell field solution is calculated for radial and angular components of the cylindrical wave [24] , [31] . The TE -mode solution has three non-zero components ( ), which are stated below in equations (6a) , (6b) and (6c) [24] : where A and B are random constants and are Bessel and Neumann functions, is the wave vector of the medium, n represents the R.I. of the medium.…”

“…The high and low RI periodic arrangement based concentric circular layer in length is the essential foundation of HCBF structure, where EM-wave is transmitted through the empty core under no. of Bragg reflections through the periodic claddings [24] , [25] , [30] . Under Bragg conditions, the HCBF structure also shows a photonic bandgap (PBG).…”

Characteristic Analysis and Structural Design of Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers with Band Gap Cladding Structures

“…Through a lot of comparison and analysis, it is found that the main factors affecting the performance of HC-PCF include duty cycle, background material, number of cladding layers, core radius and core quartz-ring thickness [ 4 , 17 , 48 ]. The air hole of the HC-PCF mentioned above is circular.…”

“…For PBG-PCFs, the optical transmission principle is unlike the TIR optical transmission principle of a traditional optical fiber. It is guided by the PBG effect; that is, the cladding structure has a band gap effect for photons at a certain frequency range, and the beam can only be transmitted in the core [ 4 ]. PBG-PCFs have strict requirements in terms of the shape and arrangement of cladding air holes, so that the RI of the optical fiber cladding cross-section has a periodic distribution.…”