Estimation of percentage depth dose distributions for therapeutic machines

Pal, Surajit; Muthukrishnan, G.; Ravishankar, R; Sharma, R. P.; Ghose, A.M.

doi:10.1016/s0969-806x(02)00270-0

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A similar problem exists for the depth-dose curve. There is no simple fit for the increase in the depth of maximum dose that adequately follows the declination in dose beyond that point [15,16]. Owing to the inability in obtaining these data in an analytical form, numerical differentiation is required.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Accelerator And Softwarementioning

confidence: 99%

A mathematical approach to beam matching

Sarkar¹,

Manikandan²,

Nandy³

et al. 2013

BJR

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Section: Materials and Methods Accelerator And Softwarementioning

confidence: 99%

A mathematical approach to beam matching

Sarkar¹,

Manikandan²,

Nandy³

et al. 2013

BJR

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“…In this paper, we present a method to analyze Gamma-rays and X-rays of various energies for different field sizes. The method does not rely on separating the primary and scattered components and fitting the scattered component into a semi-empirical formula as it is done in references (Pal et al, 2002;Wood, 1974). Thus, we can see how at larger depths in the finite medium, the reduction in intensity due to absorption and due to the inverse square law becomes more dominant than the scattered contribution.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the central-axis-reference percent depth dose in a water phantom using artificial intelligence

Patlán-Cardoso

Rodríguez‐Romo

Ibáñez‐Orozco

et al. 2021

Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences

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The water phantom is used as a standard device for the calibration of measuring instruments used in radiation therapy. To carry out this calibration, it is essential to characterize the distribution of the percent depth dose (PDD) along the central reference axis, since this is where the instruments to be calibrated are located. The PDD depends on some magnitudes, such as the size of the field in the phantom, the depth of the central reference axis, the sourceto-surface distance (SDD) and the radiation energy used [23]. A phantom is a fundamental element for the training of cancer specialists and medical physicists, and can be used to propose more effective procedures for the clinical radiation treatment of patients. We report on some models and simulation of the PDD data provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the British Journal of Radiology [1] by using artificial intelligence. PDD predictions by using artificial neural networks (ANN) and genetic programming (GP) are hereby given. It is shown how our approach has superior performance compared to the current state of the art.

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“…For any other square field size calculated, one can interpolate from the table of PDDs or utilize semiempirical equations for PDD depending on field size and depth. ( 13 , 14 ) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical approach for determining beam profiles in water phantom of symmetric and asymmetric fields of wedged, blocked, and open photon beams

Birgani

Chegeni

Arvandi

et al. 2013

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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Nowadays, in most radiotherapy departments, the commercial treatment planning systems (TPS) used to calculate dose distributions needs to be verified; therefore, quick, easy‐to‐use, and low‐cost dose distribution algorithms are desirable to test and verify the performance of the TPS. In this paper, we put forth an analytical method to calculate the phantom scatter contribution and depth dose on the central axis based on the equivalent square concept. Then, this method was generalized to calculate the profiles at any depth and for several field shapes — regular or irregular fields—under symmetry and asymmetry photon beam conditions. Varian 2100 C/D and Siemens Primus Plus linacs with 6 and 18 MV photon beam were used for irradiations. Percentage depth doses (PDDs) were measured for a large number of square fields for both energies and for 45° wedge, which were employed to obtain the profiles in any depth. To assess the accuracy of the calculated profiles, several profile measurements were carried out for some treatment fields. The calculated and measured profiles were compared by gamma‐index calculation. All γ–index calculations were based on a 3% dose criterion and a 3 mm dose‐to‐agreement (DTA) acceptance criterion. The γ values were less than 1 at most points. However, the maximum γ observed was about 1.10 in the penumbra region in most fields and in the central area for the asymmetric fields. This analytical approach provides a generally quick and fairly accurate algorithm to calculate dose distribution for some treatment fields in conventional radiotherapy.PACS number: 87.10.Ca

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Estimation of percentage depth dose distributions for therapeutic machines

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

A mathematical approach to beam matching

A mathematical approach to beam matching

Estimation of the central-axis-reference percent depth dose in a water phantom using artificial intelligence

Analytical approach for determining beam profiles in water phantom of symmetric and asymmetric fields of wedged, blocked, and open photon beams

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