Estimation of Particulate Matter Impact on Human Health within the Urban Environment of Athens City, Greece

Moustris, Konstantinos; Ntourou, Kleopatra; Nastos, Panagiotis T.

doi:10.3390/urbansci1010006

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Public health data and health burden evidence is becoming a key component in policy decisions and action plans, as presented in papers for Greece, Italy, and Iran [16][17][18][19] that can clearly bring considerable health gains for the population. However, contributions to air pollution by sectors needs to be examined, and data made publicly available to steer policy recommendations and decisions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature Adult Mortality and Years of Life Lost Attributed to Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution and Potential for Mitigating Adverse Health Effects in Tuzla and Lukavac, Bosnia and Herzegovina

et al. 2020

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Ambient air pollution is one of eight global risk factors for deaths and accounts for 38.44 all causes death rates attributable to ambient PM pollution, while in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is 58.37. We have estimated health endpoints and possible gains if two policy scenarios were implemented and air pollution reduction achieved. Real-world health and recorded PM pollution data for 2018 were used for assessing the health impacts and possible gains. Calculations were performed with WHO AirQ+ software against two scenarios with cut-off levels at country-legal values and WHO air quality recommendations. Ambient PM2.5 pollution is responsible for 16.20% and 22.77% of all-cause mortality among adults in Tuzla and Lukavac, respectively. Our data show that life expectancy could increase by 2.1 and 2.4 years for those cities. In the pollution hotspots, in reality, there is a wide gap in what is observed and the implementation of the legally binding air quality limit values and, thus, adverse health effects. Considerable health gains and life expectancy are possible if legal or health scenarios in polluted cities were achieved. This estimate might be useful in providing additional health burden evidence as a key component for a clean air policy and action plans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature Adult Mortality and Years of Life Lost Attributed to Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution and Potential for Mitigating Adverse Health Effects in Tuzla and Lukavac, Bosnia and Herzegovina

et al. 2020

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“…The AirQ+ model can be used to calculate the total amount of incidents per 100,000 individuals for each concentration level, the associated relative risk, and the total amount of HARD incidents [15]. These findings show that PM2.5 levels are persistently high, pointing to a string of polluted air events that took place in Hillah City in 2022.…”

Section: Relative Risk (Rr)mentioning

confidence: 93%

The effect of dust storms on air quality and public health in the city of Hillah

Deindee,

Al-Fatlawi

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Dust storms, which have become frequent events, pose great risks to health and the environment. There are three factors responsible for generating them: strong winds, lack of rain, and lack of vegetation cover. AirQ+ software developed by the World Health Organization, was used to assess the health risks resulting from short-term exposure to PM2.5 measured using Continuous Particulate Monitor BAM-1020 for a period of two years from Jan 2021 to Jan 2023. The frequency and intensity of dust storms were recorded during the summer and spring of 2022, with high concentrations. The concentrations of the pollutant PM2.5 range during storm days (213.89 - 674.48 μg/m3), where short-term exposure causes an increase in the risk of respiratory illnesses and cardiovascular diseases. The most severe dust storms (674.48 μg/m3) caused a rise in the risk relative to 3.395 for respiratory diseases and 1.801 for cardiovascular disease. The great danger of dust storms is evident by comparing them with corresponding days for the year 2021, where the relative risk did not exceed 1.03for respiratory diseases and 1.01) for cardiovascular diseases. In general, air quality was classified using the concentrations obtained, where the concentrations of PM2.5 increased strongly, especially during the dry months, and the sand and dust storms that happened in 2022 caused the air quality to become dangerous by 2%, very unhealthy by 6%, and unhealthy by 8%. As for the other pollutants (SO2, NO2, and CO), they did not rise much beyond the allowable limit, and it has no direct relationship with dust storms, i.e. they did not increase with their increase. Several health and safety precautions and environmental control techniques can be used to lessen the effects of sand and dust storms. Although it is unreasonable to take action to stop or prevent widespread sand and dust storms from occurring, management measures can be taken to lessen their effects.

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“…Most of the AirQ studies (187) used ground-monitored air pollution concentrations from the regulatory monitoring network stations alongside modeled and self-measured data, while 8 studies reported they have conducted their own measurements [35,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. All but six studies that applied AirQ did not report which type of AQMSs were used [47,[53][54][55][56][57]. For AirQ+, 74% of the studies (65 out of 88) gathered AAP data from the AQMSs, and only 16 studies reported the types of AQMSs used (Supplementary Tables S2, S3) [25,31,36,39,41,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68].…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Decades of Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment: Insights From the Use of WHO’s AirQ and AirQ+ Tools

Amini,

Yousefian,

Faridi

et al. 2024

Public Health Rev

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ObjectivesWe evaluated studies that used the World Health Organization’s (WHO) AirQ and AirQ+ tools for air pollution (AP) health risk assessment (HRA) and provided best practice suggestions for future assessments.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive review of studies using WHO’s AirQ and AirQ+ tools, searching several databases for relevant articles, reports, and theses from inception to Dec 31, 2022.ResultsWe identified 286 studies that met our criteria. The studies were conducted in 69 countries, with most (57%) in Iran, followed by Italy and India (∼8% each). We found that many studies inadequately report air pollution exposure data, its quality, and validity. The decisions concerning the analysed population size, health outcomes of interest, baseline incidence, concentration-response functions, relative risk values, and counterfactual values are often not justified, sufficiently. Many studies lack an uncertainty assessment.ConclusionOur review found a number of common shortcomings in the published assessments. We suggest better practices and urge future studies to focus on the quality of input data, its reporting, and associated uncertainties.

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Estimation of Particulate Matter Impact on Human Health within the Urban Environment of Athens City, Greece

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Premature Adult Mortality and Years of Life Lost Attributed to Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution and Potential for Mitigating Adverse Health Effects in Tuzla and Lukavac, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Premature Adult Mortality and Years of Life Lost Attributed to Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution and Potential for Mitigating Adverse Health Effects in Tuzla and Lukavac, Bosnia and Herzegovina

The effect of dust storms on air quality and public health in the city of Hillah

Two Decades of Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment: Insights From the Use of WHO’s AirQ and AirQ+ Tools

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