Estimation of Nuclear Ratios Directly from Heterokaryotic Mycelia in Schizophyllum

Snider, Philip J.

doi:10.2307/2440019

Cited by 4 publications

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“…A separate analysis suggests that the spatial distribution of nuclear types in A = Br5heterokaryons is possiblydetermined non-randomly also, such that fewer cells are heterokaryotic than expected from random mixing of 2 kinds of nuclei at any given ratio (Snider, 1963). The shortage of recovered heterokaryotic cells was most marked at ratios between 1: 1 and 100: 1, but it was detectable over the entire range of ratios.…”

Section: Counts Of Fragments Viable On Selective Media and Estimates mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…2 Present address: Biology Dept., University of Houston, Texas. 547 gration (Snider and Raper, 1958). A~B= (Parag and Raper, 1960) and A = B= (Middleton, 1964) heterokaryons, however, form by growth only and are usually not stable unless forced.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Counts of the mycelia that grew from fragments on the selective media indicated directly or by difference the numbers of fragments that contained nuclei of the majority type only (F M ) , of the minority type only (F m ) , and of both types (Fs). Nuclear ratio (NR) was estimated with equation 3 of Snider (1963): [Vol. 52 NR = (FR'ii) -1, in which (FR) is the fragment ratio, namely, (F M + Fh)/(Fm + F h), and (ii) is the mean number of nuclei per fragment.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…52 NR = (FR'ii) -1, in which (FR) is the fragment ratio, namely, (F M + Fh)/(Fm + F h), and (ii) is the mean number of nuclei per fragment. Details of estimating ratios by this method are also given in the same paper (Snider, 1963). The non-leaky biochemical mutations uracilless (ura-l) and nicotinic acidless (nic-2) were used in all of the heterokaryons; the specific A and B factors and the genetic backgrounds were varied in the several strains employed.…”

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Nuclear Ratios and Complementation in Common‐a Heterokaryons of Schizophyllum Commune

Snider

Raper

1965

American J of Botany

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There are 4 genotypic classes of pairings basic to the tetrapolar, or bifactorial, mating system of the Basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune. One class has a complex phenotype termed “common‐A heterokaryosis.” Analysis shows a high nuclear ratio to be characteristic of this heterokaryon. Selection of the majority type is independent of input nuclear ratio. The common‐A phenotype is interpreted from old and new data to include several major traits: (1) absence of nuclear pairing and conjugate division; (2) extreme variation of nuclear ratio; (3) absence of clamp connections; (4) depression of growth, as measured by rate and final amount dry weight; and (5) usual absence of fruiting. The absence of non‐allelic complementation, previously described as part of the phenotype, has been discounted by new results. The possibility of a quantitative effect of incompatibility remains undecided.

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Section: Counts Of Fragments Viable On Selective Media and Estimates mentioning

confidence: 88%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Nuclear Ratios and Complementation in Common‐a Heterokaryons of Schizophyllum Commune

Snider

Raper

1965

American J of Botany

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Evidences of Common‐ab Heterokaryosis in Schizophyllum Commune

Middleton

1964

American J of Botany

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Since preliminary experimental evidence for the existence of common‐AB heterokaryons in Schizophyllum commune was inconclusive, experiments were performed to test for and to characterize these heterokaryons. Prototrophic mycelia regularly result from the growing together of pairs of mutant strains of identical mating type which carry non‐allelic nutritional deficiencies. Since crossfeeding through a dialyzing Cellophane membrane does not occur, the prototrophic common‐AB mycelia apparently have both parental nuclear types within a common cytoplasm. Hyphal tips isolated from the peripheries of these prototrophic mycelia usually are not prototrophic. The distributions of the parental nuclear types in the subcultured prototrophic mycelia, as revealed by grid sampling, are irregular in pattern and extent; these patterns probably reflect the nuclear ratios in the transfer inocula, as well as the distributions of nuclear types in various parts of the inocula. Since a common‐AB prototroph typically consists of regions containing a single nuclear type as well as regions containing both nuclear types, marked fluctuations of the estimated nuclear ratio occur upon subculture, and many small transfer‐inocula are not prototrophic as they contain only a single auxotrophic nuclear type. The patterns of nuclear distributions in prototrophic common‐AB mycelia are probably maintained by the restriction of nuclear migration.

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Esser

Kuenen²

1967

Genetik Der Pilze

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Estimation of Nuclear Ratios Directly from Heterokaryotic Mycelia in Schizophyllum

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Nuclear Ratios and Complementation in Common‐a Heterokaryons of Schizophyllum Commune

Nuclear Ratios and Complementation in Common‐a Heterokaryons of Schizophyllum Commune

Evidences of Common‐ab Heterokaryosis in Schizophyllum Commune

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